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Green Maps

A Journey into Spatial Intelligence for Environmental Research
Edited by Sushobhan Majumdar, Moharana Choudhury, Shashi Kant Gupta, and Gül Erkol Bayram
Copyright: 2026   |   Expected Pub Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781394284764  |  Hardcover  |  
594 pages
Price: $225 USD
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One Line Description
Discover how spatial intelligence transitions from a technical tool to an indispensable global strategy, offering the actionable, interdisciplinary blueprints needed to conquer our planets most urgent environmental crises.

Description
In recent years, the increasing urgency of environmental challenges has spurred a growing need
for innovative and interdisciplinary approaches to understand, monitor, and address complex
ecological issues. This book will take readers on a captivating journey through the dynamic field of spatial intelligence, unravelling its pivotal role in comprehending and addressing the complex challenges faced by our planet. Through compelling case studies and real-world applications, it showcases how spatial intelligence has played a crucial role in monitoring deforestation, tracking biodiversity, managing natural resources, controlling environmental pollution, and environmental monitoring-related aspects. The book goes beyond the technical aspects, illustrating the broader implications of spatial intelligence in shaping environmental policies, fostering sustainability, and promoting global awareness.
By emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of spatial intelligence, this essential volume invites readers to envision a future where spatial intelligence becomes indispensable for fostering a deeper understanding of our planets intricacies, steering us towards more informed and sustainable environmental practices.

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Author / Editor Details
Sushobhan Majumdar, PhD is an Assistant Professor of Geography at Pandit Raghunath Murmu Smriti. He has more than 100 publications to his credit, including books, chapters, and articles in international journals of repute. His research focuses on urban planning, smart cities, healthcare informatics, and geography of transport.

Moharana Choudhury is a Research Coordinator in the Environmental Research and Management Division at Voice of Environment, Guwahati, India. He has published more than 100 articles in national and international journals of repute. His areas of interest include environmental research, waste management, wastewater, pollution monitoring, and plastic pollution.

Shashi Kant Gupta, PhD is a postdoctoral fellow in the Computer Science and Engineering Department at Eudoxia Research University with more than a decade of experience. He has more than 220 publications, including book chapters and research articles in international journals and conferences. His research focuses on cloud computing, IoT, and machine learning.

Gül Erkol Bayram, PhD is an Associate Professor in the Department of Tourism Management in the School of Tourism and Hospitality Management at Sinop University, Turkey. She has more than 250 international publications to her credit. Her research focuses on tourism, its management and development, and ecotourism.

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Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgement
Introduction
1. Navigating Towards Sustainable Futures: Unveiling the Crucial Role of Spatial Intelligence in Environmental Studies
for Informed Decision-Making
Moharana Choudhury and Sushobhan Majumdar
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Background
1.1.2 Bibliometric Insights into Spatial Intelligence in Environmental Studies (2015–2024)
1.1.3 Objectives for Research
1.2 Understanding Spatial Intelligence
1.2.1 Definition and Scope
1.2.2 Historical Perspective
1.2.3 Importance in Environmental Studies
1.3 Tools and Technologies Enabling Spatial Intelligence
1.3.1 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
1.3.2 Remote Sensing
1.3.3 Global Positioning Systems
1.3.4 Spatial Data Analytics
1.4 Applications of Spatial Intelligence in Environmental
Decision-Making
1.4.1 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
1.4.2 Biodiversity Conservation
1.4.3 Sustainable Urban Planning
1.4.4 Natural Resource Management
1.4.5 Disaster Risk Reduction
1.5 Challenges in Implementing Spatial Intelligence
1.5.1 Data Accessibility and Data Quality
1.5.2 Technical and Financial Barriers
1.5.3 Integration with Policy and Decision-Making
1.5.4 Ethical Considerations
1.6 Future Directions in Spatial Intelligence for Environmental Sustainability
1.6.1 Technological Innovations
1.6.2 Enhancing Interdisciplinary Collaboration
1.6.3 Policy and Institutional Frameworks
1.6.4 Education and Capacity Building
1.7 Conclusion
1.7.1 Summary of Key Findings
1.7.2 Implications for Practice and Policy
1.7.3 Final Thoughts
References
2. Advancements in Spatial Data Acquisition: A Comprehensive Exploration of Cutting-Edge Remote Sensing Techniques for Environmental Monitoring and Management
Moupriya Dutta, Anindita Pal, Donizete Beck, Lilit Minasyan, Caroline Santana Moura Beck and Sushobhan Majumdar
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Overview of Various Remote Sensing Technologies
2.2.1 Photogrammetry
2.2.2 Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)
2.2.3 Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI)
2.2.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
2.2.5 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Drones
2.3 Detailed Explanation of Each Technology in GIS
2.4 Data Processing and Analysis
2.4.1 Methods for Pre-Processing Raw Remote Sensing Data
2.4.2 Geometric Correction
2.4.3 Radiometric Correction
2.4.4 Atmospheric Correction
2.5 Advanced Techniques for Data Analysis
2.5.1 Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA)
2.5.2 Change Detection Algorithms
2.5.3 Feature Extraction Using Machine Learning (ML) Algorithms
2.5.4 Applications in Environmental Monitoring and Management
2.5.5 Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Changes
2.5.6 Detection and Monitoring of Natural Disasters
2.5.7 Monitoring of Vegetation Health and Biodiversity
2.5.8 Water Quality Assessment and Monitoring
2.5.9 Urban Planning and Infrastructure Management
2.6 Challenges and Future Directions
2.7 Conclusion
Bibliography
3. Unraveling Environmental Complexity: Exploring Spatial Dynamics with Advanced Analysis and Modeling Techniques
Atul K. Tiwari, Suiven John Paul Tume, Philips Omowumi Falae, Yijing Wang, Sharon Onyango, Khizer Zakir, Sonu Kaur and Sushobhan Majumdar
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Environmental Complexity: Concepts and Dimensions
3.2.1 Dynamics of Environmental Complexity
3.2.2 Spatio-Temporal Dimensions of Environmental Complexity
3.2.2.1 Spatial Heterogeneity
3.2.2.2 Temporal Dynamics
3.2.2.3 Spatial-Temporal Interactions
3.3 Traditional Analytical Approaches and Limitations
3.4 Advanced Analysis Techniques
3.4.1 Introduction to Advanced Analysis Techniques
3.4.2 Spatial Statistics
3.4.2.1 Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis
3.4.2.2 Hotspot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi* Statistic)
3.4.2.3 Spatial Interpolation Techniques
3.4.2.4 Remote Sensing
3.4.2.5 Geographic Information System (GIS)
3.5 Advanced Modeling Techniques
3.5.1 Agent-Based Modeling (ABM)
3.5.2 Cellular Automata (CA)
3.5.3 Comparative Insights and Hybrid Models
3.6 Integration of Advanced Techniques in Environmental Research
3.6.1 Comparative Analysis of Advanced Methods
3.6.2 Contributions to Understanding and Managing Environmental Complexity
3.6.2.1 Managing Complex Interactions and Emergent Behaviours
3.6.2.2 Enabling Data-Driven Decision-Making
3.6.2.3 Enabling Real-Time Monitoring and Timely Intervention
3.6.2.4 Supporting Scenario-Based Planning and Simulation
3.6.2.5 Promoting Spatial Equity and Environmental Justice
3.7 Future Directions and Challenges
3.8 Conclusion
References
4. Unlocking Environmental Insights: Harnessing the Power
of Geographic Information System (GIS) for Advance Research and Decision Support
Parag Jyoti Kashyap, Hem Chandra Joshi, Anshul Jaiswal, Kanak Verma, Minyu Situ and Sushobhan Majumdar
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Background and Context
4.1.2 Importance of GIS in Environmental Research and Decision-Making
4.2 Conceptual Overview
4.2.1 Overview of GIS in Environmental Studies
4.2.2 Evolutions of GIS Technology
4.2.3 Gaps and Opportunities for Further Research
4.3 Approaches
4.3.1 Approaches for Utilizing GIS in Environmental Research and Decision Support
4.3.2 Data Collection and Sources
4.3.3 Spatial Analysis and Modeling
4.3.4 Visualization and Communication
4.3.5 Decision Support Systems (DSS)
4.3.6 Case Studies and Applications
4.3.7 Integration of GIS with DSS for Environmental Decision-Making
4.4 Applications of GIS in Environmental Research
4.4.1 Land Use Land Cover Mapping
4.4.2 Habitat Biodiversity Assessment
4.4.3 Water Resources Management
4.4.4 Air Quality Monitoring
4.4.5 Climate Change Analysis
4.4.6 Natural Hazard Mapping and Risk Assessment
4.4.7 Urban Planning and Sustainable Development
4.5 Spatial Analysis Technique
4.5.1 Spatial Overlay and Interaction
4.5.2 Buffer Analysis
4.5.3 Spatial Interpolation
4.5.4 Network Analysis
4.5.5 Remote Sensing Integration
4.5.6 3D Visualization and Analysis
4.5.7 Statistical Analysis
4.6 Challenges and Future Directions
4.6.1 Limitations and Challenges of GIS in Environmental Studies
4.6.2 Opportunities for Enhancing GIS Capabilities
4.6.3 Future Research Dimensions and Potential Developments
4.7 Conclusion
References
5. Mapping the Earth: An Introduction to Environmental Monitoring through Spatial Intelligence
Rakesh Choudhary, Bhanu Pratap Singh, Binal Rajeshbhai Khalasi, Neha Chaudhary, Ajay Kumar, Saurav Narayan, Subhankar Dhar, Satyam Kumar Chaudhari, Vladyslаva Vambol, Sergij Vambol
and Janitha Kularajasingam
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Mapping Scholarly Activity in Environmental Monitoring
and Spatial Intelligence
5.3 Spatial Intelligence in Environmental Domains
5.4 Technical Framework and Innovations
5.5 Cross-Domain Applications of Spatial Intelligence in Environmental Monitoring
5.6 Digital Ecosystem Supporting Spatial Intelligence
5.7 Technical Frameworks and Advances in Spatial Intelligence
for Environmental Monitoring
5.7.1 AI and GIS Integration: Towards Predictive Environmental Modeling
5.7.2 Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) and Cloud-Native Platforms
5.7.3 Internet of Things (IoT) and Environmental Sensor Networks
5.7.4 Decision-Support Systems and Spatial Dashboards
5.7.5 Emerging Digital Twins and Spatial Simulators
5.8 Global Best Practices in Spatial Intelligence for Environmental Monitoring through a Continent-Wise Comparative Analysis
5.9 Case Studies and Real-World Applications of Spatial
Intelligence
5.10 Future Perspectives
5.11 Conclusion
References
6. Eye in the Sky: Harnessing Satellite Technology for Precision Environmental Monitoring
Alok Kumar, Saurav Narayan, Jonti Deuri, Pallav Suman, Chandra Kant Raj, Rakesh Choudhary, Moharana Choudhury and Shipra Rashmi
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Trend Analysis of Satellite Technology Applied to Precision Environmental Analysis
6.3 Evolution of Satellite-Based Environmental Monitoring
6.4 Satellite Imaging Technologies for Environmental Monitoring
6.5 Key Applications of Satellite Technology in Environmental Monitoring
6.5.1 Climate Change Tracking
6.5.2 Deforestation and Land Use Changes
6.5.3 Disaster Management and Extreme Weather Monitoring
6.5.4 Water Resource Management
6.6 Integration of AI, ML, and Geospatial Technologies
6.7 Challenges in Satellite-Based Environmental Monitoring
6.8 Future Prospects and Recommendations
6.9 Conclusion
References
7. Geo-Insights: Unveiling Environmental Dynamics through
GIS and Spatial Analysis for Monitoring and Management
Sujayita Bhattacharjee, Grazyna Chaberek, Easha Nandi and Sushobhan Majumdar
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Spatial Analysis
7.1.2 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
7.2 Fundamentals of GIS and Spatial Analysis
7.2.1 Core Components of GIS (Data, Tools, Systems)
7.2.2 Types of Spatial Data
7.2.3 Overview of Spatial Analysis Methods
7.3 Environmental Monitoring: Concepts and Requirements
7.3.1 Types of Environmental Dynamics
7.3.2 Temporal and Spatial Scales of Monitoring
7.4 Data Sources and Technologies
7.4.1 Satellite Remote Sensing
7.4.2 UAVs and Drone-Based Data Collection
7.4.3 Ground-Based Sensors and IoT Networks
7.4.4 Open-Source Data Platforms
7.5 Spatial Analysis for Environmental Management
7.5.1 Change Detection Techniques
7.5.2 Hotspot and Cluster Analysis
7.5.3 Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
7.5.4 Environmental Modelling and Simulation
7.6 Case Studies and Applications
7.6.1 Land Cover and Land Use Change (LULC) Dynamics
7.6.2 Urban Heat Island Mapping and Mitigation
7.7 Integration with Decision-Making and Policy
7.7.1 Role of GIS in Environmental Governance
7.7.2 Decision Support Systems (DSS)
7.7.3 Stakeholder Engagement through Spatial Tools
7.8 Emerging Trends and Future Directions
7.8.1 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Spatial Analysis
7.8.2 Real-Time Monitoring and Dynamic Dashboards
7.8.3 Cloud GIS and Big Geospatial Data
7.8.4 Ethical Considerations in Environmental Spatial Data Use
7.9 Conclusion
Bibliography
8. Emerging Horizons: Technological Advances in Environmental Monitoring for Sustainable Futures
Rakesh Choudhary, Bhanu Pratap Singh, Neha Chaudhary, Ajay Kumar, Binal Rajeshbhai Khalasi, Saurav Narayan, Subhankar Dhar, Sergij Vambol, Satyam Kumar Chaudhari, Janitha Kularajasingam and Basudeb Pyne
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Overview of Environmental Monitoring
8.1.2 Evolution of Environmental Monitoring Technologies
8.2 Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends in Technological Advancements, Environmental Monitoring, and Sustainable Futures
8.3 Advanced Monitoring Technologies
8.4 Remote Sensing Technologies
8.4.1 Satellite Imaging
8.4.2 UAVs and Drones
8.4.3 LiDAR Technology
8.5 Sensor Networks
8.5.1 IoT in Environmental Monitoring
8.5.2 Wireless Sensor Networks
8.5.3 Smart Sensors for Real-Time Data
8.6 Data Analytics and AI
8.6.1 Machine Learning in Environmental Monitoring
8.6.2 Predictive Analytics
8.6.3 Big Data Applications
8.7 Challenges and Ethical Considerations
8.7.1 Data Privacy and Security
8.7.2 Equity in Access to Monitoring Technologies
8.7.3 Environmental Justice Concerns
8.8 Future Directions
8.8.1 Emerging Technologies
8.8.2 Integration with Climate Change Mitigation
8.8.3 Global Collaborations for Environmental Monitoring
8.9 Future Prospective
8.10 Conclusion
References
9. Spatial Intelligence in Urban Planning and Design for Sustainable Futures
Jiajun Xu, Wanying Liao, Noor Hashimah Hashim Lim, Congying Li, Dongzi Wu, Mingxuan Zhong, Sushobhan Majumdar, Chng Saun Fong and Moharana Choudhury
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Advancing Sustainable Urban Planning and Design through Spatial Intelligence
9.2.1 Historical Perspective on Sustainable Urban Planning and Design
9.2.2 Spatial Intelligence Technologies in Sustainable Urban Planning and Design
9.2.2.1 Definition and Core Elements of Spatial Intelligence
9.2.2.2 Spatial Data Collection and Management
9.2.2.3 Spatial Data Analysis and Modeling
9.2.3 Examples Illustrating the Application of Smart Cities and Spatial Intelligence
9.2.3.1 Singapore: Smart Nation Plan
9.2.3.2 Amsterdam: Smart City Strategy
9.3 Applications and Case Studies of Spatial Intelligence
9.3.1 Spatial Intelligence Applications in Urban Planning and Design
9.3.1.1 Decision-Making Ability of Spatial Intelligence
9.3.1.2 Communication Ability of Spatial Intelligence
9.3.1.3 Simulation Ability of Spatial Intelligence
9.3.2 Spatial Intelligence Experience of European Smart City Projects
9.4 Challenges and Opportunities of Spatial Intelligence
9.4.1 Challenges for Enhancing Spatial Intelligence in Sustainable Urban Planning and Design
9.4.2 Opportunities for Enhancing Spatial Intelligence in Sustainable Urban Planning and Design
9.4.3 Directions for Future Research and Technology Development
9.4.4 Recommendations for Effective Implementation of Spatial Intelligence
9.4.4.1 Policy Guidance
9.4.4.2 Technological Recommendations
9.4.4.3 Collaboration and Knowledge-Sharing Initiatives
9.5 Conclusion
References
10. Mapping Health: Unleashing the Impact of Spatial Intelligence on Public Health and Epidemiology
Rakesh Choudhary, Bhanu Pratap Singh, Neha Chaudhary, Ajay Kumar, Binal Rajeshbhai Khalasi, Saurav Narayan, Subhankar Dhar, Satyam Kumar Chaudhari, Janitha Kularajasingam, Sergij Vambol and Sushobhan Majumdar
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Mapping the Landscape: A Bibliometric Study of Spatial Intelligence in Public Health and Epidemiology (2015–2024)
10.3 Foundations of Spatial Intelligence in Health
10.4 The Role of Spatial Intelligence in Public Health
10.5 Tools and Technologies Driving Spatial Intelligence in Public Health
10.6 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing in Public Health Systems
10.7 Spatial Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance
10.8 Mobile Health (mHealth) and Location-Based Services
10.9 Challenges and Limitations
10.10 Future Directions
10.11 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
11. Charting Conservation: Harnessing Spatial Intelligence for Sustainable Environmental Management and Resource Conservation
Worakamol Wisetsri, Shashi Kant Gupta, Tejasvini Alok Paralkar, A. Sathish, Adheer A. Goyal, Neha Ramteke, Catalino N. Mendoza and Sushobhan Majumdar
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Integration of AI, GIS, and Strategic Frameworks in Environmental Management
11.3 The Concept of Spatial Intelligence
11.4 Applications in Environmental Management and Resource Conservation
11.4.1 Forest and Biodiversity Conservation
11.4.2 Water Resource Management
11.4.3 Land Degradation and Soil Conservation
11.4.4 Urban Green Space and Ecosystem Services Planning
11.5 Spatial Intelligence Tools and Technologies
11.5.1 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
11.5.2 Remote Sensing
11.5.3 Spatial Modeling and AI Integration
11.5.4 Geospatial Databases and Open Data Platforms
11.6 Case Studies
11.6.1 India’s National Mission on Biodiversity and GIS Tools
11.6.2 Amazon Rainforest Deforestation Tracking Using MODIS and Landsat
11.6.3 Watershed Management Using GIS in Rajasthan or Maharashtra
11.6.4 Mangrove Restoration Mapping in Coastal Bangladesh or Odisha
11.7 Sustainability of the Environment
11.8 Environment Management and Preservation
11.8.1 Framework for Environment Prevention
11.8.2 The Range and Evaluation of Protecting the Environment
11.9 Spatial Intelligence for Sustainable Environmental Management
11.9.1 Role of Spatial Intelligence in Advancing Environmental Sustainability
11.9.2 Planning and Management of the Environment Using GIS
11.10 Challenges and Limitations of Spatial Intelligence in Conservation
11.11 Future Directions in Spatial Intelligence for Conservation
11.12 Conclusion
Bibliography
12. Moving Smart: Unraveling the Power of Spatial Intelligence in Transportation Planning and Mobility Solutions
Shashi Kant Gupta, Hind Hammouch, Adnène Arbi, Kudratjon Zohirov, Catalino N. Mendoza and Sushobhan Majumdar
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Urban Mobility
12.2.1 Sustainable Transportation in Urban Regions
12.2.2 Enhancing Mobility Solutions with Spatial Intelligence
12.3 Spatial Intelligence
12.3.1 Foundation of Spatial Intelligence
12.3.2 Equity, Access, and Spatial Justice
12.4 Telematics Data for Smart Urban Transport Systems
12.5 Case Studies and Real-World Applications
12.6 Challenges and Limitations
12.7 Future Scopes
12.8 Conclusion
References
13. Cityscapes Transformed: Unveiling the Role of Spatial
Intelligence in Shaping Urban Futures through Innovative Planning Strategies
N. Saranya Devi, R. Meenambigai, Shashi Kant Gupta, R. Monisha, Adnène Arbi and Catalino N. Mendoza
13.1 Introduction: Digital Urban Futures
13.2 Theoretical Framework
13.3 Scope of the Study
13.4 Research Design
13.5 Understanding Spatial Intelligence in Urban Planning
13.5.1 Spatial Intelligence
13.5.2 Core Technologies Enabling Spatial Intelligence
13.5.3 Spatial Analytics
13.5.4 Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
13.5.5 The Shift from Reactive to Predictive Urban Planning
13.6 Key Components of Spatially Intelligent Urban Planning
13.6.1 Geospatial Data Collection
13.6.2 Spatial Analysis and Visualization
13.6.3 Predictive Modeling and AI Integration
13.6.4 Smart City Platforms and Digital Twin
13.7 Innovative Urban Planning Strategies Enabled by Spatial Intelligence
13.7.1 Sustainable Land Use and Zoning
13.7.2 Transportation and Mobility Planning
13.7.3 Green Infrastructure and Climate Resilience
13.7.4 Smart Infrastructure and Utilities
13.7.5 Inclusive and Equitable Urban Development
13.8 Case Studies and Global Best Practices
13.8.1 Singapore Smart Nation: Digital Twins and AI for Planning
13.8.2 Barcelona: GIS-Based Mobility and Green Infrastructure
13.8.3 Delhi and Pune: Using Spatial Data for Air Quality and Traffic
13.8.4 Amsterdam: Citizen-Led Spatial Planning Using Open GIS
13.9 Challenges and Ethical Considerations
13.9.1 Data Privacy and Surveillance Concerns
13.9.2 Technological Divide and Equitable Access
13.9.3 Need for Skilled Personnel and Inter-Agency Collaboration
13.9.4 Risk of Algorithmic Bias in Urban Modeling
13.10 Future Outlook: Designing Smarter Cities
13.10.1 Role of Edge Computing, 5G, and AI in Hyperconnected Cities
13.10.2 Engagement in Spatial Data Creation and Use
13.10.3 Integration of Cultural and Environmental Intelligence
13.10.4 Resilience Planning through Adaptive Spatial Systems
13.11 Conclusion
Bibliography
14. Mapping Resources, Nurturing Nature: Geospatial Technologies for Strategic Management of Natural Resources
Gilbert C. Magulod Jr, Shashi Kant Gupta, Ramkumar Krishnamoorthy, R.M. Sivagama Sundari, Davron Aslonqulovich Juraev, Paryati and Sushobhan Majumdar
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Geospatial Tools in Action: An Assessment of Recent Applications in Environmental and Resource Management
14.3 Strategic Resource Mapping
14.3.1 Sustainable Forestry and Biodiversity Conservation
14.3.2 Natural Disaster Management
14.3.3 Water Resource Management
14.4 Wastelands
14.5 Integrated Role of RS and GIS in Sustainable Resource Management
14.6 Decision Support Systems and Policy Integration
14.6.1 Use of Geospatial Data in Creating Decision-Support Frameworks
14.6.2 Geospatial Data Informs Policies, Zoning, and Regulations
14.7 Challenges and Limitations
14.7.1 Technical Barriers: Data Availability, Resolution,
Cloud Cover, Skill Gap
14.7.2 Institutional Issues: Lack of Collaboration, Funding, Policy Bottlenecks
14.7.3 Ethical Concerns: Surveillance, Data Privacy, Misuse of Mapping Data
14.8 Future Trends and Innovations
14.8.1 AI and Machine Learning in RS Image Interpretation
14.8.2 UAVs and Drone-Based Data Collection
14.8.3 Cloud-Based GIS Platforms and Real-Time Monitoring (e.g., Google Earth Engine)
14.8.4 Citizen Science and Participatory Mapping
14.9 Conclusion
References
15. Eyeing the Climate: Remote Sensing Techniques for Assessing and Adapting to Climate Change Impacts in India
Shashi Kant Gupta, Paryati, S. Gangadharan, Swapnil Srivastava, Khojiakbar Egamberdiev, Azlin Binti Abd Jamil and Sushobhan Majumdar
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Remote Sensing in the Context of Climate Change
15.2 Related Works
15.3 Climate Change Indicators Assessed via Remote Sensing in India
15.3.1 Land Surface Temperature and Urban Heat Islands
15.3.2 Glacial Retreat and Snow Cover in the Himalayas
15.3.3 Rise and Coastal Vulnerability
15.3.4 Vegetation and Drought Monitoring
15.3.5 Aerosol Optical Depth and Air Quality
15.3.6 Spatial Variation in Surface Temperature
15.4 National Programs and Institutional Frameworks
15.5 Climatic Determining Factor
15.6 Adaptation and Mitigation Planning by Remote Sensing
15.6.1 Land Use Planning and Green Infrastructure
15.6.2 Climate-Resilient Agriculture through Precision Monitoring
15.6.3 Disaster Risk Reduction and Early Warning Systems
15.6.4 Urban Resilience Strategies and Smart City Planning
15.7 Challenges
15.8 Future Prospects
15.9 Recommendations
15.10 Conclusion
Bibliography
16. Data-Driven Journeys: Advancing Sustainable Transportation Planning through the Lens of Spatial Data Science in Japan
Suiven John Paul Tume, Yvette Baninla, Yongka Bernard Nyuyse, Clarius Kuyar and Sushobhan Majumdar
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Background and Context
16.1.2 Purpose and Scope
16.2 The State of Transportation in Japan
16.2.1 Current Transportation Systems and Challenges
16.2.2 Sustainability Goals and Transportation Policy
16.3 Spatial Data Science: Key Concepts and Tools
16.3.1 Introduction to Spatial Data Science
16.3.2 Tools and Technologies
16.3.3 Data Sources for Transportation Planning
16.4 Data-Driven Approaches to Sustainable Transportation Planning
16.4.1 Predicting Traffic Patterns and Mobility Trends
16.4.2 Environmental Sustainability through Data
16.4.3 Smart Mobility and Public Transport Optimization
16.5 Case Studies
16.5.1 Tokyo: A Smart City with Spatial Data Integration
16.5.2 Rural Japan: Overcoming Mobility Challenges through Data
16.5.3 Shinkansen and High-Speed Rail Networks
16.6 Challenges and Barriers
16.6.1 Data Privacy and Security Concerns
16.6.2 Technical and Analytical Limitations
16.6.3 Stakeholder Coordination
16.7 Future Directions
16.7.1 Innovations in Data-Driven Transportation Planning
16.7.2 Collaborative and Global Approaches
16.8 Conclusion
References
17. Sustainable Sojourns: A Holistic Environmental Perspective on Ecotourism and Conservation Practices in the United States
Mustafa Emre Sirin, Saurav Narayan and Michael Troilo
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Publication Trend of Ecotourism and Conservation Practıces in the United States
17.3 Ecotourism and Conservation Practices in the United
States
17.3.1 Ecotourism Concept
17.3.2 Development of Ecotourism
17.3.3 Ecotourism and Conservation: Theoretical Links
17.3.4 Development of Ecotourism in the United States and Ecotourism Practices
17.3.4.1 Ecotourism Protection Practices in the USA
17.4 Challenges and Best Practices
17.5 The Path Forward
17.6 Conclusion
References
18. Green Horizons: Innovations in Marketing and Management Strategies for Environmental Areas in Turkey
Suat Arpaci
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Environmental Marketing
18.2.1 Role of Marketing in Environmental Conservation
18.2.2 Green Marketing
18.3 Environmental Management
18.3.1 Management Innovations in Environmental Areas
18.4 Marketing and Management Strategies for Environmental Areas in Turkey
18.4.1 Environmental Areas in Turkey
18.4.2 Case Studies from Turkey
18.5 Challenges in Marketing and Managing Environmental Areas
18.5.1 Strategic Recommendations
18.6 Bibliographic Analysis on the Subject
18.7 Conclusion
References
19. Balancing Acts: Navigating Ethical Dimensions in Ecotourism for a Sustainable Environment in India
Ravi Kant Modi, Aarti Chopra, Pratibha Gupta and Kana Matsuishi
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Ecotourism, Sustainability, and Stakeholder Engagement in Developing Regions
19.3 Guidelines and Frameworks for Ethical Ecotourism
19.3.1 Community Participation and Benefit-Sharing Models
19.3.2 Carrying Capacity Assessment and Visitor Regulation
19.3.3 Ecotourism Certification and Ethical Business Practices
19.3.4 Transparent Policy-Making and Stakeholder Dialogue
19.4 Key Ethical Dilemmas in Indian Ecotourism
19.4.1 Mass Tourism Disguised as Ecotourism
19.4.2 Greenwashing in Eco-Resorts and Tour Operations
19.4.3 Local Community Exclusion from Planning and Profit
19.4.4 Wildlife Tourism Ethics – Disturbance vs. Awareness
19.5 Case Studies and Real-World Examples
19.5.1 Periyar Tiger Reserve (Kerala): Community-Based Ecotourism Model
19.5.2 Khonoma Village (Nagaland): India’s First Green Village and Tribal Participation
19.5.3 Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand): Human-Wildlife Conflict and Tourism Pressures
19.5.4 Eco-Sensitive Zones in the Himalayas: Fragility and Resilience in High-Altitude Tourism
19.6 Key Ethical Dilemmas in Indian Ecotourism
19.6.1 Environmental Ethics
19.6.2 Socio-Cultural Ethics
19.6.3 Economic Ethics
19.6.4 Tourist Responsibility
19.7 Ecotourism in the Indian Context
19.7.1 Dynamics and Core Principles of Ecotourism
19.7.2 Key Ecotourism Destinations in India
19.8 Policy Gaps and Implementation Challenges
19.8.1 Inadequate Enforcement of Environmental Norms
19.8.2 Conflicts between Tourism Development and Conservation Mandates
19.8.3 Fragmented Governance and Lack of Inter-Agency Coordination
19.9 Strategic Recommendations
19.9.1 Strengthening Ethical Codes for Tour Operators and Destinations
19.9.2 Promoting Environmental Education for Tourists and Guides
19.9.3 Leveraging Technology (GIS, Apps) for Monitoring and Awareness
19.9.4 Institutionalizing Benefit-Sharing with Local and Tribal Communities
19.9.5 Encouraging Ethical Investment and Sustainable Infrastructure
19.10 Conclusion
References
20. Charting the Path Forward: Envisioning the Future of Ecotourism and Environmental Sustainability
Saurav Narayan, Rakesh Choudhary, Moharana Choudhury,
Sushobhan Majumdar, Ajay Kumar, D.D.M.I.L. Wijerathna and Mariana Flores Garcia
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Current Trends and Challenges in Ecotourism and Environmental Sustainability
20.3 Ecotourism and Climate Change
20.4 Technological Innovations and Sustainable Practices
20.4.1 Role of GIS, Mobile Apps, and AI in Sustainable Tourism Management
20.4.2 Low-Impact Infrastructure and Eco-Friendly Accommodations
20.4.3 Monitoring and Minimizing Environmental Impact
20.5 Policy, Certification, and Governance
20.5.1 Ecotourism Policy Frameworks and Governance Models
20.5.2 International Standards and Certifications
20.5.3 Role of Governments, NGOs, and Private Sector in Eco-Friendly Tourism Practices
20.6 Future Pathways and Strategic Recommendations
20.6.1 Envisioning the Next Decade of Ecotourism
20.6.2 Integrating Education, Conservation, and Regenerative Tourism
20.6.3 Recommendations for Stakeholders: Policymakers, Operators, Researchers
20.7 Conclusion
References
Index

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