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Submit a ProposalCompact and Flexible Microwave Devices
 | Edited by Dilip Kumar Choudhary, Indrasen Singh, Manoj Kumar Singh, and Amit Kumar Jain Copyright: 2025 | Expected Pub Date:2025// ISBN: 9781394275557 | Hardcover | 240 pages Price: $225 USD  |
One Line Description
Compact and Flexible Microwave Devices will equip you with essential insights into the transformative potential of RF and microwave technologies, crucial for driving innovation in communication systems, wearables, and advanced industries.
Audience
Students, industry professionals, researchers, academics, and engineers working with microwave devices in the electronics and communication sectors
Students, industry professionals, researchers, academics, and engineers working with microwave devices in the electronics and communication sectors
Description
Microwave devices are an integral part of modern-day communication technology, present in everything from wireless internet connections to self-driving cars. This ever-evolving technology has the potential to revolutionize wearables, sensors, and 5G/6G networks. This volume explores the design and analysis of RF and microwave devices, including types of practical antenna design, antenna arrays, metasurfaces, and device-to-device communications. The innovative potential of microwave devices has the power to revolutionize everyday human life, providing more accurate and intuitive sensing to improve quality of life. Compact and Flexible Microwave Devices is a comprehensive guide to these ground-breaking technologies that introduces cutting-edge applications for integration with next-generation communication systems, the healthcare industry and Industry and Web 4.0.
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Microwave devices are an integral part of modern-day communication technology, present in everything from wireless internet connections to self-driving cars. This ever-evolving technology has the potential to revolutionize wearables, sensors, and 5G/6G networks. This volume explores the design and analysis of RF and microwave devices, including types of practical antenna design, antenna arrays, metasurfaces, and device-to-device communications. The innovative potential of microwave devices has the power to revolutionize everyday human life, providing more accurate and intuitive sensing to improve quality of life. Compact and Flexible Microwave Devices is a comprehensive guide to these ground-breaking technologies that introduces cutting-edge applications for integration with next-generation communication systems, the healthcare industry and Industry and Web 4.0.
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Author / Editor Details
Dilip Kumar Choudhary, PhD is an assistant professor in the School of Electronics Engineering at the Vellore Institute of Technology. He has authored over 35 articles in international journals and conferences, one copyright, and two book chapters. His research interests include microwave filtering circuits, metamaterials, antennas, power dividers, and couplers for wireless communication.
Dilip Kumar Choudhary, PhD is an assistant professor in the School of Electronics Engineering at the Vellore Institute of Technology. He has authored over 35 articles in international journals and conferences, one copyright, and two book chapters. His research interests include microwave filtering circuits, metamaterials, antennas, power dividers, and couplers for wireless communication.
Indrasen Singh, PhD is an assistant professor in the School of Electronics Engineering at the Vellore Institute of Technology with over 15 years of teaching and research experience. He has published over 20 research papers in national and international journals and conferences of repute and serves as an editor for several journals. His research interests include cooperative communication, stochastic geometry, modeling of wireless networks, heterogeneous networks, millimeter wave communications, device-to-device communication, and 5G and 6G communication.
Manoj Kumar Singh is a senior project manager at Ericsson Global India Service Pvt. Ltd. in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India with over 16 years of professional experience. He has many notable industry certifications, including PMP® and CSM®, Enterprise Design Thinking from IBM, cloud computing, and GenAI project management. His experience has driven global project transformations and advancements in telecoms technology. His research interests include automation development using Python, Java, and AI and machine learning.
Amit Kumar Jain, PhD is a lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Built Environment at Glasgow Caledonian University. He has published two books and over 20 papers in reputed academic journals and conferences in addition to serving as an industry consultant and reviewer for several international journals. His research interests include reliability, Industry 4.0, manufacturing analytics, and operations management.
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Table of Contents
Preface
1. A Systematic Survey on Wearable Biomedical Sensors Using Flexible Microwaves Devices
Warisha Fatima, Shailendra Kumar, Mohd Javed Khan and Indrasen Singh
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Literature Survey
1.2.1 System for Indoor Positioning
1.2.2 Fall Detection System
1.2.3 Wearable Sensor Device
1.2.3.1 UHF RFID: From Identification to Multi-Port Sensing
1.2.3.2 Bio-Radar in Microwave Wearable Application
1.3 Procedure and Working
1.3.1 Sensor Architecture
1.3.2 Principle of Measurement
1.3.3 Signal Encoding
1.3.4 Calibration and Verification
1.3.5 Connectivity with Wearable Technology
1.3.6 Examining and Implementing
1.3.7 Perks of Microwave Wearable Sensors
1.3.8 Imperfections in Wearable Sensors
1.4 Next-Generation Wearables: A Strategic Plan for the Future
1.4.1 Troubleshooting for Microwaves and Extended Inspection
1.4.2 Implantable Microwave Technology
1.4.3 Medications Using Microwaves
1.5 Conclusion
References
2. Metamaterials in 5G and the Path towards 6G: Enabling Advanced Wireless Communication
Mohd Javed Khan, Saif Ahmad, Indrasen Singh and Zeenat Fatima
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Background
2.1.2 Role of Metamaterials
2.2 Basics of Metamaterials
2.2.1 Definition and Characteristics
2.2.2 Types of Metamaterials
2.2.2.1 Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Structure
2.2.2.2 Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS)
2.2.2.3 Reconfigurable Metamaterials
2.2.2.4 Plasmonic Metamaterials
2.2.2.5 Dielectric Metamaterials
2.2.2.6 Nanostructured Metamaterials
2.3 Metamaterials in 5G Communication
2.3.1 Current Challenges in 5G
2.3.1.1 Bandwidth Limitations
2.3.1.2 Signal Interference
2.3.1.3 Latency Issues in 5G Networks
2.3.2 Metamaterials Solutions for 5G
2.4 Towards 6G: Future Challenges and Metamaterials Integration
2.4.1 Anticipated Challenges in 6G
2.4.2 Metamaterials Innovations for 6G
2.5 Case Studies and Applications
2.5.1 Practical Implementations in 5G Networks
2.5.2 Envisioning 6G Applications
2.6 Future Directions and Research Challenges
2.6.1 Future Directions
2.6.2 Research Challenges
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Optimization of Time-Modulated Circular Antenna Array for MIMO Systems through Evolutionary Algorithms
Satish Kumar, Gopi Ram, Durbadal Mandal and Rajib Kar
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Design Equations
3.3 Evolutionary Optimization Method Used
3.4 Cost Function Formulation
3.5 Computational Result
3.6 The Convergence Curves of DE, PSO, and NPSO
3.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
4. Fractal Antenna MIMO Arrays: A Promising Multiband Solution for Modern 5G Wireless Automotive Applications
Gurmeet Singh, Ashish Kumar and Amar Partap Singh Pharwaha
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Various Forms of Antenna Array
4.2.1 Array of Two-Point Sources
4.2.2 Broadside Array
4.2.3 End-Fire Array
4.2.4 Parasitic Array
4.3 Feed Networks for Antenna Array
4.3.1 Corporate Feed Network
4.3.2 Series Fed
4.4 Fractal Geometries
4.5 Fractal Antenna Arrays
4.5.1 Deterministic Fractal Arrays
4.5.2 Cantor Linear Array
4.5.3 Sierpinski Carpet Arrays
4.6 Recent Trends in the Fractal Antenna Arrays
4.7 Conclusion
References
5. Multiband Fractal Antenna: A Novel Miniaturization Technique
Ruchi Kadwane
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Fractal Designs
5.2.1 Classes of Fractals
5.2.2 Fractal Dimensions
5.2.2.1 Similarity Dimension
5.3 Iterative Function System
5.4 Advantages and Limitations of Fractal Geometry in Antennas
5.5 Compact Printed Multiband Fractal Antenna: Novel Design Approach
5.5.1 Parametric Analysis
5.5.2 Results and Discussion
5.6 Conclusion
References
6. Applications of Metasurfaces for Modern Planar Antenna Design
V. Bharathi, Parthasarathy Ramanujam and Krishnamurthy Ramanujam
6.1 Metasurfaces – Introduction and Characteristics Relationship
6.1.1 Double Positive Materials (DPS) (ε > 0 and μ > 0)
6.1.2 Epsilon Negative Materials (ENG) (ε < 0 and μ > 0)
6.1.3 Mu-Negative Material (MNG) (ε > 0 and μ < 0)
6.1.4 Double Negative Materials (DNG) (ε < 0 and μ < 0)
6.1.5 Applications
6.2 Characteristics Mode Analysis (CMA)
6.2.1 CMA for Impedance Bandwidth Enhancement
6.2.2 CM-Based Circular Polarization
6.2.3 CM-Based MIMO Systems
6.2.4 CM-Based Radiation Pattern Optimization
6.2.5 CM-Based Solution to Scattering Problems
6.2.6 CM-Based Solution to Electromagnetic Coupling Problems
6.3 Realization and Evaluations of MS-Based Antenna Models
6.4 Frequency Selective Surfaces and Its Types
6.4.1 Operating Principle of FSS
6.4.2 Equivalent Circuit of Conventional FSS
6.4.3 Types of FSS
6.4.3.1 Basic Shapes
6.4.3.2 Convoluted FSS
6.4.3.3 Fractal Geometry
6.5 Relationship Between Mutual Coupling Reduction and FSS Superstrate in CP-MIMO Antennas
6.6 Conclusion
References
7. A Review on Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorbers and Its Application
Surender Singh Bisht, Amit Kumar and Dharmendra K. Jhariya
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Communication Band
7.1.2 Classification of Metamaterial
7.2 Types of Electromagnetic Metamaterial Wave Absorbers
7.2.1 Resonant Absorbers
7.2.2 Broadband Absorbers
7.3 Type of Metamaterial
7.3.1 Electromagnetic Metamaterial
7.3.2 Refractive Index with a Negative Value
7.3.3 Various Categories of Electromagnetic Metamaterials
7.3.3.1 Metamaterials with a Single Negative Charge
7.3.3.2 Metamaterials with Electromagnetic Bandgaps
7.3.3.3 Medium with Double Positivity
7.3.3.4 Metamaterials with Bi-Isotropic and Bi-Isotropic Properties
7.3.3.5 Chiral Metamaterials
7.3.4 Split-Ring Resonators
7.3.5 Terahertz Metamaterial
7.3.6 Photonic Metamaterials
7.3.7 Nonlinear Metamaterials
7.3.8 Metamaterials Absorber
7.3.9 Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) Metamaterials
7.4 The Metamaterial (MTM) Absorbers Theory
7.4.1 Theory of Impedance Matching
7.4.2 Electrical and Magnetic Resonance
7.4.3 Theory of Interference
7.4.4 A Reduction in Plasma Frequency
7.4.5 Working of Electromagnetic Absorbers
7.5 Different Approaches for Analysis of Microwave Absorption
7.5.1 Methodology for Open Circuit
7.5.2 Methodology for Short Circuits
7.5.3 Impedance Matching
7.6 Narrowband Metamaterial Absorbers
7.6.1 Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers
7.7 Electromagnetic Metamaterial Design Consideration
7.7.1 Design Criteria and Their Limitations
7.7.2 Dielectric Characteristics of the Substrate
7.7.3 Polarization Angle and Oblique Angle
7.7.4 Frequency of Resonance
7.7.5 Substrate Dimensions
7.7.6 Design of Patches
7.8 Applications of Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorbers Are Classified on Frequency Range
7.8.1 Microwave Absorber
7.8.2 Terahertz Wave Absorber
7.8.3 Millimeter Wave Absorber
7.9 Applications and Research Area of Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorber
7.9.1 Machine Learning
7.9.2 Stealth Technology
7.9.3 Solar Absorber
7.9.4 Radome
7.9.5 Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting
7.9.6 Wireless Communications
7.9.7 Bolometer Devices
7.9.8 EM Compatibility Devices and EMI Shielding
7.9.9 Biomedical Sensors
7.9.10 Aeronautics and Defense
7.9.11 Imaging
7.9.12 Microwave Components
7.10 Advancements in Metamaterials in Recent Times
7.11 Conclusion and Prospects for the Future
References
8. RF-Based Wearable PPG Sensor for Real-Time Cardiovascular Health Monitoring
Mohammed Arshad Ali Khan and Geetha Chakaravarthi
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Motivation
8.3 The Fundamental of Photoplethysmography
8.3.1 PPG Basic Working Principle
8.3.2 Relative Positioning of PPG Sensor
8.3.3 The Beer-Lambert Law in PPG
8.3.4 Application of PPG
8.4 RF-Based Wearable Sensors and Applications in Healthcare Monitoring
8.4.1 Requirement of Energy Harvesting Module
8.4.2 Different Energy Harvesting Sources
8.5 Methodology
8.5.1 Development of Energy Harvesting Rectification Module
8.5.1.1 Design of Antenna
8.5.1.2 Comprehensive Analysis of RF Circuit Characteristics Using Keysight ADS
8.5.2 Design and Implementation of PPG Sensor
8.5.2.1 Signal Processing Circuit
8.6 Experimental Setup of EH Module Integrated with PPG Sensor
8.7 Data Analysis
8.7.1 Calculation of Heart Rate
8.7.2 Calculation of SpO2
8.8 Impact of Wearable Sensors in the Market
8.9 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
1. A Systematic Survey on Wearable Biomedical Sensors Using Flexible Microwaves Devices
Warisha Fatima, Shailendra Kumar, Mohd Javed Khan and Indrasen Singh
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Literature Survey
1.2.1 System for Indoor Positioning
1.2.2 Fall Detection System
1.2.3 Wearable Sensor Device
1.2.3.1 UHF RFID: From Identification to Multi-Port Sensing
1.2.3.2 Bio-Radar in Microwave Wearable Application
1.3 Procedure and Working
1.3.1 Sensor Architecture
1.3.2 Principle of Measurement
1.3.3 Signal Encoding
1.3.4 Calibration and Verification
1.3.5 Connectivity with Wearable Technology
1.3.6 Examining and Implementing
1.3.7 Perks of Microwave Wearable Sensors
1.3.8 Imperfections in Wearable Sensors
1.4 Next-Generation Wearables: A Strategic Plan for the Future
1.4.1 Troubleshooting for Microwaves and Extended Inspection
1.4.2 Implantable Microwave Technology
1.4.3 Medications Using Microwaves
1.5 Conclusion
References
2. Metamaterials in 5G and the Path towards 6G: Enabling Advanced Wireless Communication
Mohd Javed Khan, Saif Ahmad, Indrasen Singh and Zeenat Fatima
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Background
2.1.2 Role of Metamaterials
2.2 Basics of Metamaterials
2.2.1 Definition and Characteristics
2.2.2 Types of Metamaterials
2.2.2.1 Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Structure
2.2.2.2 Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS)
2.2.2.3 Reconfigurable Metamaterials
2.2.2.4 Plasmonic Metamaterials
2.2.2.5 Dielectric Metamaterials
2.2.2.6 Nanostructured Metamaterials
2.3 Metamaterials in 5G Communication
2.3.1 Current Challenges in 5G
2.3.1.1 Bandwidth Limitations
2.3.1.2 Signal Interference
2.3.1.3 Latency Issues in 5G Networks
2.3.2 Metamaterials Solutions for 5G
2.4 Towards 6G: Future Challenges and Metamaterials Integration
2.4.1 Anticipated Challenges in 6G
2.4.2 Metamaterials Innovations for 6G
2.5 Case Studies and Applications
2.5.1 Practical Implementations in 5G Networks
2.5.2 Envisioning 6G Applications
2.6 Future Directions and Research Challenges
2.6.1 Future Directions
2.6.2 Research Challenges
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Optimization of Time-Modulated Circular Antenna Array for MIMO Systems through Evolutionary Algorithms
Satish Kumar, Gopi Ram, Durbadal Mandal and Rajib Kar
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Design Equations
3.3 Evolutionary Optimization Method Used
3.4 Cost Function Formulation
3.5 Computational Result
3.6 The Convergence Curves of DE, PSO, and NPSO
3.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
4. Fractal Antenna MIMO Arrays: A Promising Multiband Solution for Modern 5G Wireless Automotive Applications
Gurmeet Singh, Ashish Kumar and Amar Partap Singh Pharwaha
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Various Forms of Antenna Array
4.2.1 Array of Two-Point Sources
4.2.2 Broadside Array
4.2.3 End-Fire Array
4.2.4 Parasitic Array
4.3 Feed Networks for Antenna Array
4.3.1 Corporate Feed Network
4.3.2 Series Fed
4.4 Fractal Geometries
4.5 Fractal Antenna Arrays
4.5.1 Deterministic Fractal Arrays
4.5.2 Cantor Linear Array
4.5.3 Sierpinski Carpet Arrays
4.6 Recent Trends in the Fractal Antenna Arrays
4.7 Conclusion
References
5. Multiband Fractal Antenna: A Novel Miniaturization Technique
Ruchi Kadwane
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Fractal Designs
5.2.1 Classes of Fractals
5.2.2 Fractal Dimensions
5.2.2.1 Similarity Dimension
5.3 Iterative Function System
5.4 Advantages and Limitations of Fractal Geometry in Antennas
5.5 Compact Printed Multiband Fractal Antenna: Novel Design Approach
5.5.1 Parametric Analysis
5.5.2 Results and Discussion
5.6 Conclusion
References
6. Applications of Metasurfaces for Modern Planar Antenna Design
V. Bharathi, Parthasarathy Ramanujam and Krishnamurthy Ramanujam
6.1 Metasurfaces – Introduction and Characteristics Relationship
6.1.1 Double Positive Materials (DPS) (ε > 0 and μ > 0)
6.1.2 Epsilon Negative Materials (ENG) (ε < 0 and μ > 0)
6.1.3 Mu-Negative Material (MNG) (ε > 0 and μ < 0)
6.1.4 Double Negative Materials (DNG) (ε < 0 and μ < 0)
6.1.5 Applications
6.2 Characteristics Mode Analysis (CMA)
6.2.1 CMA for Impedance Bandwidth Enhancement
6.2.2 CM-Based Circular Polarization
6.2.3 CM-Based MIMO Systems
6.2.4 CM-Based Radiation Pattern Optimization
6.2.5 CM-Based Solution to Scattering Problems
6.2.6 CM-Based Solution to Electromagnetic Coupling Problems
6.3 Realization and Evaluations of MS-Based Antenna Models
6.4 Frequency Selective Surfaces and Its Types
6.4.1 Operating Principle of FSS
6.4.2 Equivalent Circuit of Conventional FSS
6.4.3 Types of FSS
6.4.3.1 Basic Shapes
6.4.3.2 Convoluted FSS
6.4.3.3 Fractal Geometry
6.5 Relationship Between Mutual Coupling Reduction and FSS Superstrate in CP-MIMO Antennas
6.6 Conclusion
References
7. A Review on Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorbers and Its Application
Surender Singh Bisht, Amit Kumar and Dharmendra K. Jhariya
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Communication Band
7.1.2 Classification of Metamaterial
7.2 Types of Electromagnetic Metamaterial Wave Absorbers
7.2.1 Resonant Absorbers
7.2.2 Broadband Absorbers
7.3 Type of Metamaterial
7.3.1 Electromagnetic Metamaterial
7.3.2 Refractive Index with a Negative Value
7.3.3 Various Categories of Electromagnetic Metamaterials
7.3.3.1 Metamaterials with a Single Negative Charge
7.3.3.2 Metamaterials with Electromagnetic Bandgaps
7.3.3.3 Medium with Double Positivity
7.3.3.4 Metamaterials with Bi-Isotropic and Bi-Isotropic Properties
7.3.3.5 Chiral Metamaterials
7.3.4 Split-Ring Resonators
7.3.5 Terahertz Metamaterial
7.3.6 Photonic Metamaterials
7.3.7 Nonlinear Metamaterials
7.3.8 Metamaterials Absorber
7.3.9 Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) Metamaterials
7.4 The Metamaterial (MTM) Absorbers Theory
7.4.1 Theory of Impedance Matching
7.4.2 Electrical and Magnetic Resonance
7.4.3 Theory of Interference
7.4.4 A Reduction in Plasma Frequency
7.4.5 Working of Electromagnetic Absorbers
7.5 Different Approaches for Analysis of Microwave Absorption
7.5.1 Methodology for Open Circuit
7.5.2 Methodology for Short Circuits
7.5.3 Impedance Matching
7.6 Narrowband Metamaterial Absorbers
7.6.1 Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers
7.7 Electromagnetic Metamaterial Design Consideration
7.7.1 Design Criteria and Their Limitations
7.7.2 Dielectric Characteristics of the Substrate
7.7.3 Polarization Angle and Oblique Angle
7.7.4 Frequency of Resonance
7.7.5 Substrate Dimensions
7.7.6 Design of Patches
7.8 Applications of Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorbers Are Classified on Frequency Range
7.8.1 Microwave Absorber
7.8.2 Terahertz Wave Absorber
7.8.3 Millimeter Wave Absorber
7.9 Applications and Research Area of Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorber
7.9.1 Machine Learning
7.9.2 Stealth Technology
7.9.3 Solar Absorber
7.9.4 Radome
7.9.5 Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting
7.9.6 Wireless Communications
7.9.7 Bolometer Devices
7.9.8 EM Compatibility Devices and EMI Shielding
7.9.9 Biomedical Sensors
7.9.10 Aeronautics and Defense
7.9.11 Imaging
7.9.12 Microwave Components
7.10 Advancements in Metamaterials in Recent Times
7.11 Conclusion and Prospects for the Future
References
8. RF-Based Wearable PPG Sensor for Real-Time Cardiovascular Health Monitoring
Mohammed Arshad Ali Khan and Geetha Chakaravarthi
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Motivation
8.3 The Fundamental of Photoplethysmography
8.3.1 PPG Basic Working Principle
8.3.2 Relative Positioning of PPG Sensor
8.3.3 The Beer-Lambert Law in PPG
8.3.4 Application of PPG
8.4 RF-Based Wearable Sensors and Applications in Healthcare Monitoring
8.4.1 Requirement of Energy Harvesting Module
8.4.2 Different Energy Harvesting Sources
8.5 Methodology
8.5.1 Development of Energy Harvesting Rectification Module
8.5.1.1 Design of Antenna
8.5.1.2 Comprehensive Analysis of RF Circuit Characteristics Using Keysight ADS
8.5.2 Design and Implementation of PPG Sensor
8.5.2.1 Signal Processing Circuit
8.6 Experimental Setup of EH Module Integrated with PPG Sensor
8.7 Data Analysis
8.7.1 Calculation of Heart Rate
8.7.2 Calculation of SpO2
8.8 Impact of Wearable Sensors in the Market
8.9 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Index
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