potential of the metaverse and digital twin technology, highlighting their role in revolutionizing patient care.
Table of ContentsPreface
1. Digital Twins in the Metaverse: An Overview and Their Applications in Healthcare1.1 Introduction
1.2 Introduction to Metaverse
1.2.1 Metaverse and DT in Healthcare
1.2.2 Telemedicine
1.3 Metaverse-Based Technologies
1.4 Immersive Technology
1.4.1 Extended Reality (AR/VR)
1.4.2 AR/VR Based on Metaverse
1.5 Digital Twin
1.5.1 DT in Medicine
1.5.2 DT in Personalized Medicine
1.5.3 DT in Precision Medicine
1.6 Various Other Potential Metaverse Health Applications
1.6.1 Medical Diagnosis
1.6.2 Patient Monitoring
1.6.3 Surgeries
1.7 Conclusion
References
2. Metaverse-Based Digital Twin and Investigating Its Applications in Dentistry2.1 Introduction
2.2 Various Models of Metaverse
2.3 Benefits of Metaverse in Dental Healthcare
2.3.1 Virtual Clinics
2.3.2 Access to Health Care Experts Globally
2.3.3 Community Health Education Programs
2.3.4 Virtual Educational Models
2.3.5 Augmented and Virtual Reality Aided Procedures
2.4 Digital Human
2.5 Blockchain Uses in Dentistry and Health Care
2.6 Metaverse in Dentistry and Healthcare
2.6.1 Metaverse-Based Dental Treatment
2.6.2 Application for Dental Education
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Role of Metaverse in Cardiology and in Cardiac Catheterization3.1 Introduction
3.2 Metaverse Definition
3.3 The Rise of the Metaverse Application in Healthcare
3.3.1 The Evolution of Seeing Patients
3.4 The Promise of the Metaverse in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Health
3.5 Application of Metaverse in Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
3.6 Components of the Future Catheterization Laboratory
3.6.1 Clinical Decision Support System
3.6.2 Augmented Reality System and Computer Vision
3.6.3 Vascular Robotic System
3.6.4 Voice-Assisted Catheterization Laboratory
3.7 Incorporating Metaverse with Cardiology and Developing the Cardioverse
3.7.1 Enhanced Medical Visits
3.7.2 Assisting Surgical and Interventional Procedures
3.7.3 Reshaping Cardiovascular Education
3.7.4 Connecting with Telemedicine Technologies
3.8 Challenges to Face and the NFTs Integration
3.9 Conclusion
References
4. Cancer and the Metaverse: An Introduction to Digital Twins4.1 Introduction
4.2 How Metaverses and Digital Twins Affect Healthcare
4.3 Introduction to Metaverse
4.3.1 Virtual Cancer Clinic Appointments with VR
4.4 Digital Twins
4.4.1 Healthcare Digital Twin
4.4.2 Digital Twins for Cancer
4.4.3 Applying Digital Twins to Cancer Care
4.5 Other Applications of DT in Cancer
4.5.1 The Application of DT in Education
4.5.2 Advantages of DT for Nurses
4.6 Ethical and Legal Challenges of the Metaverse
4.7 Conclusion
References
5. Digital Twins in the Metaverse and Their Application to Personalized Medicine5.1 Introduction
5.2 Role of DT in Medicine
5.3 Various Technologies of Metaverse
5.3.1 AR/VR Technology
5.3.2 Digital Twin
5.3.3 Avatar
5.3.4 Sensor Technology
5.3.5 Blockchain Technology
5.3.6 Cloud Computing
5.4 Digital Twin (DT) Framework
5.5 Applications
5.5.1 Individual-Focused Risk Assessment and Management
5.5.2 Building and Using Digital Twins for Personalized Treatment
5.5.3 Clinical Decision Support and Disease Modelling
5.5.4 Surgical Planning
5.5.5 Targeted Therapies
5.6 Integrating Variables from Many Types, Places, and Times into Digital Twins
5.7 Conclusion
References
6. Metaverse-Based Digital Twins in Ophthalmology6.1 Introduction
6.2 Metaverse in Ophthalmology
6.3 Metaverse-Based Different Technologies in Ophthalmology
6.3.1 AR Technology
6.3.2 VR Technology
6.3.3 MR Technology
6.3.4 XR Technology
6.4 Application of Metaverse in Ophthalmology
6.4.1 Diagnostics Application of Metaverse in Ophthalmology
6.4.2 VR/AR Based Treatments
6.4.3 Patient Education
6.4.4 Surgical Planning and Navigation
6.4.5 Low Vision Rehabilitation
6.4.6 Telemedicine and Remote Consultations
6.4.7 Enhanced Diagnostics, Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Interventions
6.5 Additional Metaverse Applications in Optometry
6.5.1 An Innovative Approach to Eyecare Education
6.5.2 A Path Toward Scope Expansion for Optometry
6.5.3 Metaverse Stores
6.5.4 Virtual Eyecare in the Metaverse
6.5.5 AI-Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment
6.5.6 Virtual Reality Clinical Studies
6.5.7 Medical Research and Visualization
6.5.8 A New Way to Try Before You Buy
6.6 Use of Digital Twins
6.7 DT Based Application of Metaverse in Ophthalmology
6.7.1 Creation of Avatars for Realistic Consultations
6.8 Telemedicine for Patient Consultation
6.8.1 Tele-Mentoring
6.8.2 Telesurgery
6.8.3 Asynchronous Teleophthalmology Examples
6.9 Conclusion
References
7. The Potential of Metaverse-Based Digital Twin in Surgery7.1 Introduction
7.2 Metaverse: An Introduction
7.3 AI in Surgical Metaverse
7.4 Present Understanding of XR, AR, and VR Platforms
7.4.1 Augmented Reality
7.4.2 Virtual Reality
7.5 Potential for Advancement in Surgical Healthcare
7.5.1 Anatomical Evaluation
7.5.2 Operative Benefits
7.6 Medical Devices for Patient-to-Image Registration Hardware
7.6.1 Electromagnetic Tracking Systems (EMTs)
7.6.2 Optical Tracking Systems (OTSs)
7.7 AR/VR Surgical Metaverse: Practical Applications
7.7.1 Telesurgery: AI-XR Guided Robotic Surgery
7.7.2 Object Recognition and AR Alignment for Surgical Robots
7.7.3 Digital Twins in Surgical Practice
7.8 Patient Digital Twin
7.8.1 Counterfactual Reasoning (CR)
7.8.2 Scenario Modelling
7.9 Digital Twins (DT) to Guide End-Effectors
7.10 Metaverse, XR, and CAD/CAM in Surgical Process
7.11 Conclusion
References
8. Potential of Interactive VR and Digital Twin for Drug Development and Clinical Trials8.1 Introduction
8.2 Introduction to CADD and VR Drug/Molecule Design
8.3 Applications of VR Relevant to Drug Discovery
8.4 Interactive Molecular Dynamics in Virtual Reality (IMD-VR)
8.5 Generative AI and Digital Twins
8.6 Digital Twins in Preclinical Drug Discovery
8.6.1 Individual Cells
8.6.2 Cell Culture
8.6.3 Tissue
8.6.4 Organ and Organ Systems
8.6.5 Animal Models
8.7 Digital Twins in Clinical Trials
8.8 Digital Twins and In Silico Research
8.9 The “TopDown” Digital Twin
8.10 Conclusion
References
9. The Integration of Metaverse in Psychiatry and Mental Health9.1 Introduction
9.2 Metaverse
9.2.1 Virtual Reality (VR)
9.2.2 Augmented Reality (AR)
9.2.3 Extended Reality (XR)
9.2.4 Mixed Reality (MR)
9.2.5 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
9.2.6 Machine Learning (ML), Robotics, and Internet of Things (IoT)
9.3 The Relationship Between the Metaverse and Psychiatry
9.4 Metaverse in Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders
9.4.1 Major Depressive Disorder
9.4.2 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
9.4.3 Specific Phobia
9.4.4 Social Anxiety Disorder
9.4.5 Body Dysmorphic Disorders and Eating Disorders
9.4.6 Autism Spectrum Disorder
9.4.7 Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders
9.4.8 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
9.5 Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in the Metaverse
9.5.1 Improved Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Targeting
9.5.2 Novel Targeting Algorithms and Treatment Response Biomarkers in the Metaverse
9.6 Conclusion
References
10. Integration of Metaverse-Based Wearables for Creating Digital Healthcare10.1 Introduction
10.2 Metaverse Framework and Building Block Technologies
10.2.1 Virtual Reality (VR)
10.2.2 Augmented Reality (AR)
10.2.3 Extended Reality (XR)
10.2.4 Avatar
10.2.5 Digital Twin
10.2.6 Internet of Things (IoT) and Network
10.2.7 Edge/Cloud Computing
10.2.8 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
10.2.9 Blockchain
10.2.10 Computer Vision
10.3 Metaverse Wearables Coupled with XR Technology
10.3.1 Wearable Haptic Devices for Arms and Hands
10.3.2 Wearable Foot Electronics for Gait Analysis and Training
10.3.3 Skin Electronics for Multimodal Feedback
10.3.4 Eyeglasses and Contact Lens-Type Wearable Devices
10.3.5 Exoskeleton and Prosthesis for Rehabilitation as Assistive Healthcare Tools
10.3.6 Implantable Visual Prosthesis
10.4 Conclusion
References
11. Potential of Metaverse for Creating Intelligent Healthcare11.1 Introduction
11.2 Metaverse
11.2.1 Metaverse Ecosystems
11.2.2 Metaverse Junction
11.2.3 Engagements within the Metaverse
11.3 Application in Healthcare
11.3.1 Remote Medical Consultations
11.3.2 Guidance for Patients
11.3.3 Clinical Laboratory Science
11.3.4 Counselling and Assistance
11.4 Additional Applications of Metaverse in Healthcare
11.4.1 Imaging in a Virtual Environment
11.4.2 Medical Treatment
11.4.3 Assisting in Medical Research
11.4.4 Progress in Drug Discovery
11.4.5 Healthcare Training and Education
11.4.6 Effective Use in Surgical Practice
11.5 Metaverses in Healthcare for Medical Domains
11.5.1 Orthopedics
11.5.2 Midwifery
11.5.3 Brain Science
11.5.4 Cancer Research
11.5.5 Odontology
11.5.6 Emotional Health
11.5.7 Physical Fitness
11.6 Conclusion
References
12. Integration of Digital Metaverse in Educating Medical Students for Better Understanding12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Function of Metaverses in Education
12.2.1 Cooperation
12.2.2 Connection
12.2.3 Content
12.2.4 Analytical Reasoning
12.2.5 Innovative Creativity
12.2.6 Confidence
12.3 Impact of the Metaverse on Healthcare Infrastructures
12.4 Employing Metaverse to Improve Medical Education
12.4.1 Distance Learning
12.4.2 Facilitating Engagement with Medical Students
12.4.3 Role of VR in Health Education
12.4.4 AR in Surgical Procedures
12.4.5 Connecting Nursing School to Patient Care
12.4.6 Metaverse-Integrated Medical Education
12.4.7 Tele-Consultation
12.4.8 Digital Twins
12.5 Implications for Healthcare Education
12.6 Additional Applications in Research
12.7 Conclusion
References
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