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Submit a ProposalQuantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence
 | The Industry Use Cases Edited by Pethuru Raj, B. Sundaravadivazhagan, Mariya Ouaissa, V. Kavitha and K. Shantha Kumari Copyright: 2025 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781394242368 | Hardcover | 558 pages Price: $225 USD  |
One Line Description
This groundbreaking volume provides a comprehensive understanding of the
synergistic relationship between quantum computing and artificial intelligence
and their transformative potential across various industries.
Audience
This book appeals to a range of people including technology professionals and researchers in quantum computing, AI, and software engineering; industry professionals and innovators across diverse sectors such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, and telecommunications; business leaders and entrepreneurs interested in leveraging
This book appeals to a range of people including technology professionals and researchers in quantum computing, AI, and software engineering; industry professionals and innovators across diverse sectors such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, and telecommunications; business leaders and entrepreneurs interested in leveraging
Description
The book is divided into three sections. In the first part, the fundamentals of quantum computing and its practical applications are explored, beginning with an overview of quantum computers and their real-world applications and challenges. The emerging field of post-quantum cryptography and the synergies between quantum computing and blockchain technology are investigated. Part 2 focuses on the critical intersection of quantum computing and security, and it examines the establishment of secure quantum network communication using advanced cryptography algorithms. The myriad applications and opportunities that quantum computing offers to various industries are covered, as well as a comprehensive look at the transition from classical to quantum networks, highlighting the benefits and expectations associated with this paradigm shift. In Part 3, attention is given to quantum computing innovations and future perspectives. The potential of quantum machine learning for Industry 4.0, as well as the applications of quantum computing and AI in the emerging Industry 5.0 landscape, are examined. Also investigated is the paradigm of Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) and its implications for voice-controlled devices and the advancements in AI-driven quantum computing.
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The book is divided into three sections. In the first part, the fundamentals of quantum computing and its practical applications are explored, beginning with an overview of quantum computers and their real-world applications and challenges. The emerging field of post-quantum cryptography and the synergies between quantum computing and blockchain technology are investigated. Part 2 focuses on the critical intersection of quantum computing and security, and it examines the establishment of secure quantum network communication using advanced cryptography algorithms. The myriad applications and opportunities that quantum computing offers to various industries are covered, as well as a comprehensive look at the transition from classical to quantum networks, highlighting the benefits and expectations associated with this paradigm shift. In Part 3, attention is given to quantum computing innovations and future perspectives. The potential of quantum machine learning for Industry 4.0, as well as the applications of quantum computing and AI in the emerging Industry 5.0 landscape, are examined. Also investigated is the paradigm of Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) and its implications for voice-controlled devices and the advancements in AI-driven quantum computing.
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Author / Editor Details
Pethuru Raj, PhD, is the chief architect at Reliance Jio Platforms Ltd., Bangalore, India. He has more than 20 years of experience and previously worked at IBM Global Cloud Center of Excellence.
Pethuru Raj, PhD, is the chief architect at Reliance Jio Platforms Ltd., Bangalore, India. He has more than 20 years of experience and previously worked at IBM Global Cloud Center of Excellence.
B. Sundaravadivazhagan, PhD, is a faculty member in the Department of Information Technology, University of Technology and Applied Science-AL Mussanah, Muladdah, Oman. He has published more than 65 technical articles in journals and conferences worldwide.
Mariya Ouaissa, PhD, is a professor in cybersecurity and networks, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco. She has published over 50 papers in international journals, edited 13 books and eight journal special issues.
V. Kavitha, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science with Cognitive Systems, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. She has published more than 75 research papers in international and domestic journals.
K. Shantha Kumari, PhD, works in the Department of Data Science and Business Systems, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction to Quantum Computing
Vinoj J., Swathika R., Gavaskar S. and K. B. Manikandan
1. History of Computing
2. A New Kind of Computing
3. Need for Quantum Computers
4. Fundamentals of Quantum Computing
5. “From Transistors to Qubits: The Evolution of Signal Processing and Noise Management in Classical and Quantum Computing”
6. Properties of Quantum Computing
7. The Topography of Quantum Technology
8. The Architecture of a Quantum Computer
9. Hardware and Software of Quantum Computers
10. Quantum Algorithm
10.1 Fourier Transform-Based Quantum Algorithms
10.2 Amplitude Amplification-Based Quantum Algorithms
10.3 Quantum Walks-Based Algorithms
10.4 BQP-Complete Problems
10.5 Hybrid Quantum/Classical Algorithms
11. Design Limitations of Quantum Computer
12. Approaches to Quantum Computing
13. Different Categories of Quantum Computers
13.1 Analog Quantum Computer
13.2 NISQ Gate-Based Computer
13.3 Gate-Based Quantum Computer with Full Error Correction
14. Advantages of Quantum Computing
15. Disadvantages of Quantum Computing
16. Applications of Quantum Computing
17. Major Challenges in Quantum Computing
18. Importance of Quantum Computing
19. Future Scope of Quantum Computing
20. Conclusion
References
Part 1: Quantum Computing Fundamentals and Applications
1. Quantum Computers—Real-World Applications and Challenges
Gnanasankaran Natarajan, Shirley Chellathurai Pon Anna Bai, Sandhya Soman and Elakkiya Elango
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Introduction to Quantum Computing
1.1.2 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics and Its Core Principles
1.1.2.1 Wave–Particle Duality
1.1.2.2 Superposition
1.1.2.3 Uncertainty Principle
1.1.2.4 Quantum Entanglement
1.1.3 Comprehensive Introduction to Quantum Computers
1.2 Types of Quantum Computers
1.2.1 Superconducting Qubit Quantum Computers
1.2.2 Trapped Ion Quantum Computers
1.2.3 Topological Quantum Computers
1.2.4 Photon-Based Quantum Computers
1.2.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Quantum Computers
1.2.6 Diamond-Based Quantum Computers
1.3 Quantum Computer Architecture
1.3.1 Qubits
1.3.2 Quantum Gates
1.3.3 Control System
1.3.4 Quantum Registers
1.3.5 Quantum Measurement
1.3.6 Error Correction
1.4 Quantum Algorithms Used in Quantum Computers
1.4.1 Grover’s Algorithm
1.4.2 Shor’s Algorithm
1.4.3 Quantum Simulation Algorithms
1.4.4 Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms
1.4.5 Quantum Fourier Transform
1.4.6 Quantum Walk Algorithms
1.5 The Benefits and Drawbacks of Quantum Computers
1.5.1 Benefits
1.5.1.1 Exponential Computational Power
1.5.1.2 Quantum Simulation
1.5.1.3 Cryptographic Impact
1.5.1.4 Machine Learning and Optimization
1.5.2 Disadvantages
1.5.2.1 Scalability
1.5.2.2 Error Correction
1.5.2.3 Sensitivity to Environmental Factors
1.5.2.4 Limited Quantum Applications
1.5.2.5 Development and Cost
1.6 Real-Time Applications of Quantum Computers
1.6.1 Quantum Cryptography
1.6.1.1 How Does Quantum Cryptography Work?
1.6.2 Drug Design and Development
1.6.2.1 Various Pharma-Focused Quantum-Based Computing Startups
1.6.3 Financial Modeling
1.6.3.1 Risk Management
1.6.3.2 Portfolio Management
1.6.4 Weather Forecasting
1.6.5 Advertising
1.6.6 Traffic Flow Management
1.6.7 Better Mobile Network Coverage
1.6.8 Cyber Security
1.6.8.1 India’s Next Quantum Computing Step in Cyber Security
1.6.9 Gaming
1.6.10 Computational Chemistry
1.7 Biggest Challenges in Quantum Computers
1.7.1 Error Correction
1.7.2 Scalability
1.7.3 Hardware Development
1.7.4 Software Development
1.7.5 Classical Computer Interfaces
1.7.6 Standards and Protocols
1.7.7 Trained Talent
1.7.8 Overall Expenses
1.8 Conclusion
References
2. Post-Quantum Cryptography Methods
M. Kundalakesi and M. Renuka Devi
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Cryptography
2.2.1 Symmetric Cryptography
2.2.1.1 Data Encryption Standard
2.2.1.2 Advanced Encryption Standards
2.2.2 Asymmetric Cryptography
2.2.2.1 Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (RSA)
2.2.2.2 Protocol for Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange
2.2.2.3 Elliptic Curve Cryptography
2.3 Post-Quantum Cryptography
2.4 Quantum Cryptography
2.5 Quantum Computing
2.5.1 Quantum Mechanics
2.5.2 Quantum Computers
2.6 Fundamentals of Quantum Computing
2.6.1 Quantum Computing in Parallel
2.6.2 Efficient Quantum State Information Extraction
2.7 Security of Cryptography
2.7.1 DES Quantum Security
2.7.2 AES Quantum Security
2.7.3 RSA Quantum Security
2.7.4 ECC Quantum Security
2.7.5 RSA and ECC: Vulnerable to Shor’s Algorithm
2.8 Need of Post-Quantum Cryptography
2.8.1 Code-Based Cryptography
2.8.2 Hash-Based Cryptography
2.8.3 Multivariate Cryptography
2.8.4 Lattice-Based Cryptography
2.8.4.1 Challenges
2.8.5 Supersingular Elliptic Curve Isogeny Cryptography
2.8.6 Systems Based on Isogeny
2.9 Challenges in Post-Quantum Cryptography
2.9.1 Efficiency
2.9.2 Confidence
2.10 Quantum Algorithms
2.10.1 Shor’s Algorithm
2.10.2 Simon’s Algorithm
2.11 Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process
2.11.1 NIST
2.12 Migration Challenges with PQC
2.13 Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence: Industrial Use Case
References
3. Unlocking Revolutionary Use Cases and Data Privacy Controls Throughout Quantum Computing and Blockchain
Rihab Benaich, Saida El Mendili and Youssef Gahi
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Fundamentals of Quantum Computing
3.3 Quantum Gates and Quantum Circuits
3.4 Quantum Computing Algorithms
3.4.1 Quantum Fourier Transform-Based Algorithms
3.4.2 Amplitude Amplification-Based Algorithms
3.4.3 Quantum Walk-Based Algorithms
3.4.4 Hybrid Quantum/Classical Algorithms
3.5 Quantum Computing vs. Traditional Computers
3.6 The Fundamentals of Blockchain Technology
3.6.1 Properties of Blockchain
3.6.2 Workflow of Blockchain Technology
3.6.3 Types of Blockchain
3.7 The Motivation Behind the Fusion of Blockchain and Quantum Computing
3.8 Related Works
3.9 Quantum Computing Threats Toward Blockchain
3.10 Quantum Computing Advantages Toward Blockchain
3.10.1 Post-Quantum Cryptography
3.10.2 Secure Key Distribution
3.10.3 Enhanced Consensus Mechanisms
3.10.4 Efficient Data Analysis
3.11 The Combination of Blockchain and Quantum Computing for Enhanced Data Privacy and Anonymization
3.12 Application Domains for the Combination of Blockchain and Quantum Computing
3.13 Discussion
3.14 Conclusion
References
4. Exploring Quantum Computing in Weather Forecasting: Leveraging Optimization Algorithms for Long-Term Accuracy
J. Loveline Zeema, Deepa S., Kirubanand V.B., Teena Jose and Kalpana P.
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Comprehensive Overview
4.1.2 Challenges in Achieving Accurate Long-Term Weather Predictions
4.2 Propulsion
4.2.1 Potential of Quantum Computing and Optimization Algorithms
4.2.2 Significance of Leveraging Quantum Computing
4.3 Scope of this Chapter
4.4 Applications of Quantum Algorithms
4.4.1 Factorization
4.4.2 Optimization Problems
4.4.3 Machine Learning
4.4.4 Simulation of Quantum Systems
4.4.5 Database Search
4.4.6 Cryptography and Security
4.4.7 Financial Modeling
4.4.8 Game Theory
4.5 Quantum Computing and Optimization
4.5.1 Quantum Computing
4.6 Quantum Optimization Algorithms
4.6.1 Quantum Annealing
4.6.2 Grover’s Algorithm
4.6.2.1 Quantum Optimization with Grover’s Algorithm
4.7 Weather Data Analysis Challenges
4.7.1 Weather Data Types and Importance
4.7.1.1 Atmospheric Observations
4.7.1.2 Satellite Imagery
4.7.1.3 Climate Models
4.7.2 Challenges in Weather Data Analysis
4.8 Leveraging Quantum Optimization for Weather Forecasting
4.9 Conclusion
References
5. How AI Empowers Quantum Computing
S. Subbaiah and M. Kavitha
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Industrial Revolution 1.0 to 5.0
5.3 Quantum Computing
References
6. Safeguarding Information Security: The Imperative Role of Quantum Random Number Generation
Thanga Helina Stalin, Sreejith Balakrishnan, Berin Jeba Jingle I. and Shirley Chellathurai Pon Anna Bai
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Literature Review
6.1.1.1 Background and Motivation
6.1.1.2 Scope and Significance of QRNG
6.1.2 Superposition in Quantum Random Number Generation
6.1.2.1 Entanglement
6.1.2.2 Quantum Bits (Qubits)
6.1.2.3 Quantum Measurement
6.1.2.4 Quantum Entanglement and Measurement
6.1.3 Basic Concepts of QRNG
6.1.3.1 QRNG Algorithms
6.1.4 Case Studies: Koashi and Ueda (2007), Yuan et al. (2008)
6.1.4.1 Case Study 1: Koashi and Ueda (2007)
6.1.4.2 Case Study 2: Yuan et al. (2008)
6.1.4.3 Other QRNG Approaches
6.1.4.4 Applications of QRNG
6.1.5 Quantum Random Number Generation in Practice
6.1.5.1 Future Directions and Emerging Trends
6.2 Conclusion
References
7. The Establishment of Quantum Networks
Deepa S., Loveline Zeema J., Vinay M., Jayapriya J. and B. Sundaravadivazhagan
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Overview of Quantum Networks
7.1.2 Principles of Quantum Mechanics
7.1.2.1 Importance of Quantum Networks
7.1.2.2 Applications of Quantum Networks
7.1.3 Purpose and Scope of the Chapter
7.2 Fundamentals of Quantum Networks
7.2.1 Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information Science
7.2.2 Quantum Entanglement
7.2.3 Quantum Superposition
7.2.4 Quantum Communication Protocols
7.2.5 Quantum Computing and Quantum Key Distribution
7.3 Building Blocks of Quantum Networks
7.3.1 Quantum Hardware
7.3.1.1 Qubits (Qubits)
7.3.1.2 Quantum Gates and Operations
7.3.1.3 Quantum Processor
7.3.2 Quantum Communication Channel
7.3.2.1 Quantum Optical Fibers
7.3.2.2 Free-Space Quantum Connections
7.3.2.3 Satellite-Based Quantum Communication
7.3.2.4 Satellite Deployment, Synchronization, and Atmospheric Conditions
7.4 Quantum Network Architecture
7.4.1 Quantum Network Topology
7.4.1.1 Point-to-Point Connection
7.4.1.2 Quantum Local Area Network (QLAN)
7.4.1.3 Quantum Metropolitan Area Network (QMAN)
7.4.1.4 Quantum Wide Area Network (QWAN)
7.4.2 Quantum Network Nodes
7.4.2.1 Quantum Repeaters
7.4.2.2 Quantum Switch
7.4.2.3 Quantum Memory
7.4.3 Quantum Network Protocol
7.4.3.1 Quantum Teleportation
7.4.3.2 Quantum Routing and Switching
7.4.3.3 Quantum Error Correction
7.4.3.4 Quantum Key Distribution Protocol
7.5 Challenges and Solutions in Building Quantum Networks
7.5.1 Quantum Noise and Decoherence
7.5.2 Quantum Error Correction
7.5.3 Quantum Network Scalability
7.5.4 Quantum Security and Encryption
7.5.5 Synchronization of Quantum Networks
7.5.6 Quantum Network Management and Monitoring
7.6 Current State of Quantum Network Development
7.6.1 Experimental Quantum Network
7.6.2 Implementation of a Real Quantum Network
7.7 Conclusion
7.7.1 Future Perspectives for Quantum Networks
References
8. Foundations of Quantum Computing and Machine Learning
K.C. Prabu Shankar, Chandraprabha K., K. Senthil Raja and P. Kanmani
8.1 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
8.2 Quantum Machine Learning: A New Paradigm
8.3 Literature Survey
8.4 Quantum Circuits and Operations
8.5 Comparison with Classical Computing
8.6 Machine Learning Landscape: From Algorithms to Data and Applications
8.7 Quantum Machine Learning (QML)
8.8 Challenges and Limitations of Classical Machine Learning
8.9 Quantum Machine Learning: Principles and Algorithms
8.10 Quantum Machine Learning Paradigms
8.11 Hybrid Quantum-Classical Approaches
8.12 Examples of Hybrid Quantum-Classical Algorithms for Specific Tasks
8.13 Applications and Opportunities in Quantum Machine Learning
8.14 Conclusion
8.15 The Future of Quantum Machine Learning: Challenges and Opportunities
References
9. Quantum Computing AI for Climate Modeling
K. Deeba, S.R. Ramya, B.G. Geetha and K. Shantha Kumari
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Climate Modeling
9.3 Quantum AI for Climate Modeling
9.4 Literature Survey
9.5 Traditional Computers Over Quantum AI for Climate Modeling
9.6 The Potential Applications of Quantum AI in Climate Modeling
9.7 Ethical Considerations and Societal Implications
9.8 Conclusion
9.9 Future Directions and Challenges
References
10. An Outlook on Universal Quantum Computers
M. Jaithoon Bibi, V. Kavitha, V. Krishnapriya, K. Gowri and S. Manoj
Introduction
History
Quantum Information Theory
Chances
Quantum Computing in Cryptography
Entanglement
Ethical and Societal Implications
Privacy and Security
Job Displacement and Workforce Transition
Equity in Access to Quantum Technologies
Environmental Impact
Dual-Use Dilemmas
Data Bias and Fairness
Regulatory and Governance Challenges
Impact of Cybersecurity
Cultural and Social Changes
Advantages of Quantum Computers
Faster Computations
Best for Simulation
Medicine Creation
Google Search
High Privacy
Used in Radar Making
Used in Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Algorithm Creation
The Low Temperature Needed
Not Open for Public
Internet Security
Error Correction
Scalability
Hardware Development
Software Development
Classical Computer Interfaces
Standards and Protocols
Trained Talent
Overall Expense
Future of Quantum Computing
Quantum Circuits
Quantum Cognition
Quantum Cryptography
Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs)
Optimization
ML/Big Data
Simulation
Materials Science
Conclusion
References
Part 2: Quantum Computing and Security
11. Establishment of Secure Quantum Network Communication with Cryptography Algorithm
S. Padmanayaki, K. Geetha, S. Sophia, P. Jayasuriya, Khan Mohammad Jarina Begum and M. Balasaraswathi
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Literature Review
11.3 Proposed Methodology
11.3.1 Improved Shor Algorithm
11.4 Results
11.4.1 Comparison Results
11.5 Conclusion
References
12. Quantum Computing in Industry: Unveiling Applications and Opportunities
N.A. Natraj, B. Sundaravadivazhagan, R. Sarathkumar, Harishchander Anandaram and Sarala Patchala
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Brief Overview of Quantum Computing
12.1.2 The Importance of Quantum Computing in the Industrial Sector
12.1.3 Unveiling the Strategic Analysis of Quantum Computing in the Industry
12.1.3.1 The Industry Potential Transformed by Quantum Computing
12.1.3.2 Instructions for Industry Participants
12.2 Quantum Fundamentals and Algorithms: Pioneering the Quantum Frontier
12.2.1 Quantum Computing: Superposition, Entanglement, and Quantum Bits
12.2.2 Delving into Quantum Algorithms: Unraveling the Potential Impact
12.2.3 Navigating the Quantum Frontier: A Strategic Insight
12.2.4 The Quantum Odyssey Continues: A Thousand Words and Beyond
12.3 Industries Poised for Transformation Through Quantum Computing
12.3.1 Quantum Computing in Finance and Cryptography: Pioneering a Quantum Revolution
12.3.1.1 Quantum Computing in Finance
12.3.1.2 Quantum-Safe Cryptography: Navigating the Quantum Threat
12.3.1.3 Optimization of Financial Portfolios: Quantum’s Strategic Advantage
12.3.1.4 Managing Quantum in Finance and Cryptography
12.3.2 Quantum Computing in Supply Chain and Logistics: Revolutionizing Routes and Enhancing Inventories
12.3.2.1 Quantum Computing in Supply Chain: A Paradigm Shift
12.3.2.2 Route Optimization Using Quantum Algorithms: A Quantum Symphony of
Possibilities
12.3.2.3 Inventory Management Enhancements: Quantum’s Strategic Advantage
12.3.2.4 Navigating the Quantum Landscape in Logistics
12.3.3 Quantum Computing in Drug Discovery and Healthcare: A Quantum Frontier Unveiled
12.3.3.1 Quantum Computing in Healthcare: A Transformative Paradigm
12.3.3.2 Molecular Simulation and Drug Discovery Acceleration: A Quantum Symphony
12.3.3.3 Quantum Precision Touch to Improvise Personalized Medicines
12.3.3.4 The Quantum Revolution in Healthcare: A Glimpse into the Future
12.3.3.5 Navigating the Quantum Landscape in Healthcare
12.3.4 Quantum Computing in Energy and Materials Science: A Revolution
12.3.4.1 Energy and Materials Science Quantum Computing: A Partnership
12.3.4.2 Quantum’s Sustainable Energy Production and Consumption Optimization
12.3.4.3 Navigating Quantum in Energy and Materials Science
12.4 Quantum Computing Challenges and Future: Navigating the Quantum Frontier
12.4.1 Quantum Hardware Limits
12.4.2 Quantum Computing Considerations
12.4.3 Future Quantum Computing Impact
12.4.4 Quantum Frontier Navigation
12.5 Conclusion
References
13. A Secure Transition Perspective on the Expectations and Benefits of Quantum Networks Over Classical Networks
S. Mayukha and R. Vadivel
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Brief Overview of Classical Networks and Its Limitations
13.2.1 Introduction to the Concept of Quantum Networks
13.2.2 Importance of Secure Transition from Classical to Quantum Networks
13.3 Objectives of the Chapter
13.4 Fundamentals of Quantum Communication
13.4.1 Basic Principles of Quantum Mechanics Relevant to Quantum Communication
13.4.2 Quantum Superposition and Entanglement
13.4.3 Quantum Bits (Qubits) and Its Properties
13.4.4 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) as a Foundation for Secure Communication
13.4.5 Quantum Networking’s Emergence
13.4.6 Detailed Explanation of Various QKD Protocols (BB84, E91, etc.)
13.4.7 Comparison of QKD with Classical Key Distribution Methods
13.4.8 Illustration of How QKD Ensures Secure Communication
13.4.9 Real-World Examples of Successful QKD Implementations
13.5 Overview of Common Security Threats in Classical Networks
13.5.1 Limitations of Classical Cryptography
13.5.2 Examples of Successful Attacks on Classical Networks
13.6 Secure Communication in the Quantum Era
13.7 Paradoxes of Quantum Functionalities
13.7.1 Introduction to the Fundamental Paradoxes
13.7.2 Exploration of Superposition and Entanglement
13.7.3 Examination of How These Paradoxes Form the Foundation of Quantum Computing’s Transformative Potential
13.7.4 Illustration of How Quantum Functionalities Differ Fundamentally from Classical Computation
13.7.5 Motivation for Transitioning to Quantum Networks for Enhanced Security
13.8 Security Risks in Post-Quantum Computing
13.8.1 In-Depth Analysis of Vulnerabilities Faced by Classical Networks
13.8.2 Discussion on the Accelerated Threat Landscape
13.8.3 Examination of Potential Risks to Classical Cryptographic Methods
13.8.4 Exploration of the Need for Enhanced Security Measures
13.9 Lessons from the Y2K Problem
13.9.1 Overview of the Y2K Problem and Its Impact on Classical Computing
13.9.2 Analysis of the Importance of Foresight and Proactive Measures
13.9.3 Identification of Key Lessons Learned from Past Challenges in Technology Transitions
13.10 Quantum-Proofing Measures for a Secure Transition
13.10.1 In-Depth Exploration of Quantum-Proofing Strategies
13.10.2 Examination of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) as a Game-Changer
13.10.3 Discussion on the Development of Quantum-Resistant Encryption Methods
13.10.4 Emphasis on Collaboration within a Proactive, User-Centric Community
13.11 Quantum Network Architecture
13.11.1 Components of a Quantum Network
13.11.2 Quantum Entanglement-Based Network Communication
13.11.3 Hybrid Quantum–Classical Network Models
13.11.4 Scalability and Feasibility Considerations
13.12 Quantum Network Security Advantages
13.12.1 Inherent Security Features of Quantum Communication
13.12.2 Unbreakable Quantum Key Distribution and Secure Communication Channels
13.12.3 Quantum-Resistant Algorithms for Enhanced Post-Quantum Security
13.12.4 Quantum-Resistant Data Integrity and Authentication
13.13 Challenges in Implementing Quantum Networks
13.13.1 Technical Challenges in Building and Maintaining Quantum Networks
13.13.2 Infrastructure Requirements for Quantum Communication
13.13.3 Quantum Error Correction and Fault Tolerance
13.13.4 Current Limitations and Ongoing Research Efforts
13.14 Case Studies and Success Stories
13.14.1 Real-World Examples of Successful Transitions from Classical to Quantum Networks
13.14.2 Experiences of Organizations in Enhancing Security through Quantum Technologies
13.14.3 Lessons Learned and Best Practices for a Smooth Transition
13.15 Regulatory and Ethical Considerations
13.15.1 Overview of Current Regulations and Standards for Quantum Communication
13.15.2 Ethical Considerations in the Deployment of Quantum Networks
13.15.3 International Collaboration and Standardization Efforts
13.16 Future Outlook and Emerging Technologies
13.16.1 Predictions for the Future of Quantum Networks
13.16.2 Emerging Technologies That Could Further Enhance Quantum Network Security
13.16.3 Potential Applications Beyond Secure Communication
13.17 Conclusion
References
14. Beyond Classical Limits: Exploring the Promise of Post-Quantum Cryptography
M. G. Divyajyothi, Rachappa Jopate and B. Sundaravadivazhagan
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Quantum Computing
14.3 Post-Quantum Cryptographic Techniques
14.4 Quantum Computing and AI Synergy
14.5 Industry 5.0 and Security Concerns
14.6 Use Cases of Post-Quantum Cryptography in Industry 5.0
14.7 Conclusion
References
15. Quantum Computing’s Implications for Cybersecurity
Gowri K., S. Jawahar, V. Kavitha, B. L. Shivakumar and M. Jaithoon Bibi
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Quantum Computing
15.1.2 Quantum Computing—History and Background
15.1.3 Quantum Theory
15.1.3.1 A Comprehensive Overview of Quantum Theory
15.1.4 Classical Bits
15.1.4.1 Qubits: How Do They Vary from Conventional Bits?
15.1.4.2 A Contrast Between Classical and Quantum Computing
15.1.5 Qubit
15.1.5.1 Physical vs. Logical Qubits
15.1.5.2 Atomic Attachment with Superposition
15.1.6 Quantum Computer’s Speed
15.2 Quantum Cybersecurity
15.2.1 Cybersecurity
15.2.2 Quantum Cybersecurity
15.2.2.1 Quantum Risks to Cybersecurity
15.2.2.2 Importance of Cybersecurity
15.2.3 Cybersecurity with Quantum Computers
15.2.4 Impact of Quantum Computing on Cybersecurity
15.2.5 Create Currently, Decode Later
15.3 Peter Shor Developed a Quantum Algorithm
15.3.1 Adjusting Cybersecurity to Address the Threat
15.4 Conclusion
References
Part 3: Quantum Computing Innovations and Future Perspectives
16. Quantum Machine Learning for Industry 4.0
Indu Bala, Kiran Ahuja and Maad M. Mijwil
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Industry 4.0
16.3 Role of Quantum Machine Learning in Industry 4.0
16.4 Use Cases of Quantum Machine Learning in Industry 4.0
16.5 Challenges in the Implementation of Quantum Machine Learning in Industry 4.0
16.6 Procedure to Implement Quantum Machine Learning in Industry
16.7 Recommendations and Future Scope
References
17. Quantum Computing and AI Applications in Industry 5.0 Use Cases
Jihane Gharib and Youssef Gahi
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Background: Current Landscape and Drivers for a 5th Revolution
17.3 Understanding Industry 5.0: A Human-Centric Approach
17.4 Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence as a Critical Driver for Industry 5.0
17.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
18. Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) Paradigm for Voice-Controlled Devices
Aswani S. and E. Chandra
18.1 Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) for Voice-Controlled Devices
18.1.1 Introduction
18.1.2 Relevance of QAI in Industry 5.0 and Voice-Controlled Devices
18.1.3 Evolution from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0
18.1.4 Challenges and Limitations in Traditional AI Faces Industry 5.0
18.2 AI Applications in Industry 5.0
18.2.1 AI in Supply Chain Optimization
18.2.2 AI in Voice-Controlled Device Transformation
18.2.3 Challenges and Opportunities in Industry 5.0
18.2.4 Evolution of Voice-Controlled Devices
18.2.5 Voice Assistant Performance Boost
18.2.6 Quantum-Enhanced Voice Recognition
18.2.6.1 Use Cases in Voice-Controlled Devices
18.2.7 Security and Privacy Considerations
18.3 Quantum Artificial Intelligence for Industry 5.0: Challenges and Considerations
18.3.1 Technical Hurdles and Quantum Hardware
18.3.2 Quantum Error Detection
18.3.3 Integration with Classical AI Systems
18.3.3.1 Significance of Integration
18.3.3.2 Challenges and Opportunities
18.3.3.3 Potential Applications
18.3.4 Quantum AI Bias and Fairness
18.3.5 Quantum Ethical Frameworking
18.4 Quantum Computing Potential Impacts
18.4.1 Algorithms for Natural Language Understanding
18.4.2 Quantum Neural Networks
18.4.3 Quantum Language Models
18.4.4 Quantum-Powered Future
18.5 A Symbiotic Relationship Between Voice Recognition and Quantum Computing
18.5.1 Limitations of Classical Artificial Intelligence for Voice Commands
18.5.2 Quantum Computing Improves Voice Recognition
18.5.3 QAI Algorithms for NLP
18.5.4 Enhancing User Experience with Quantum Voice Interface
References
19. Exploring the Entrepreneurial Opportunities Arising from AI-Driven Quantum Computing Advancements
M. Ashok Kumar, Aliyu Mohammed, M. Marimuthu and B. Sundaravadivazhagan
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Objective of the Study
19.2.1 Clarification of the Primary Research Goal
19.2.2 Specific Objectives and Their Relation to Quantum Computing and Entrepreneurship
19.2.2.1 To Investigate the Status of Quantum Computing and Its Future Development with Artificial Intelligence
19.2.2.2 Identification of the Main Entrepreneurial Opportunities Made
Possible by AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.2.2.3 To Examine the Problems and Dangers That Entrepreneurs Encounter
in AI-Based Quantum Computing
19.2.2.4 Examine Market Trends and Projections for AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.2.2.5 Examining Financing Choices, Business Ideas, and Startup Methodologies
19.2.2.6 Concerns about Intellectual Property and the Job of Partnerships
19.3 Statement of the Problem
19.3.1 Identification of Key Challenges and Gaps in the Field of AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.3.1.1 Scalability of Quantum Hardware
19.3.1.2 Quantum Error Correction
19.3.1.3 Quantum Algorithm Complexity
19.3.1.4 AI Algorithm Integration
19.3.1.5 Access to Quantum Resources
19.3.2 Discussion of Implications for Entrepreneurship
19.3.2.1 Risk and Uncertainty
19.3.2.2 Competitive Landscape
19.3.2.3 Investment and Funding Complexities
19.3.2.4 Intellectual Property Issues
19.3.2.5 Partnerships and Collaborations
19.3.3 Quantum-Related Challenges
19.3.4 Entrepreneurial Challenges and Opportunities
19.4 Literature Review
19.4.1 Conceptual Framework
19.4.1.1 Overview of Quantum Computing Concepts
19.4.1.2 Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Quantum Computing
19.4.1.3 Theoretical Foundations of Quantum Algorithms
19.4.2 The Budding Ecosystem: Cultivating AI-Driven Quantum Entrepreneurs
19.4.2.1 Incubators and Accelerators
19.4.2.2 Funding Sources
19.4.2.3 Collaborative Initiatives
19.4.2.4 Challenges and Opportunities
19.4.3 Entrepreneurial Success Stories
19.4.3.1 Xanadu (Canada): Quantum Drug Discovery
19.4.3.2 Zapata Computing (US): Finance and Optimization
19.4.3.3 QuTech Delft (Netherlands): Quantum Hardware and Software
19.4.3.4 QuTech Delft (Netherlands): Quantum Cybersecurity
19.4.3.5 Cambridge Quantum Computing (UK): Materials Science and Quantum
Chemistry
19.4.4 Current Market Trends and Entrepreneurial Opportunities in AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.4.4.1 Market Trends
19.4.4.2 Entrepreneurial Opportunities
19.4.4.3 Additional Considerations
19.5 Theoretical Framework
19.5.1 An Introduction to Some Key Theoretical Frameworks (e.g., Quantum Information Theory)
19.5.2 The Relevance to the Research Study
19.5.3 Navigating the Quantum Frontier: Theoretical Frameworks for Entrepreneurial Exploration
19.5.3.1 Technology Adoption Frameworks
19.5.3.2 Frameworks for Business Model Innovation
19.5.3.3 Risk Management Frameworks
19.5.3.4 Additional Considerations
19.6 Empirical Study
19.6.1 Examination of Real-World Applications and Advancements in AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.6.2 Two Case Studies of the Practical Implementation of AI in Quantum Computing
19.6.3 The Quantum Startup Landscape: An Empirical Analysis
19.6.3.1 Key Players and Innovations
19.6.3.2 Challenges and Overcoming Strategies
19.6.3.3 Future Trends and Opportunities
19.7 Gap in the Literature
19.7.1 Identification of Areas Where Existing Research Falls Short
19.7.1.1 Interdisciplinary Insights
19.7.1.2 Practical Entrepreneurial Guidance
19.7.1.3 Policy and Regulation
19.7.1.4 Global and Regional Variations
19.7.2 Rationale for the Need to Fill These Gaps
19.7.2.1 Interdisciplinary Understanding
19.7.2.2 Practical Entrepreneurial Guidance
19.7.2.3 Policy and Regulation Compliance
19.7.2.4 Regional Insights
19.7.3 Entrepreneurial Research Gaps
19.8 Findings
19.8.1 Presentation and Discussion of Findings in the Context of AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.8.2 Highlighting the Principal Entrepreneurial Opportunities Discovered During the Study
19.8.2.1 Quantum-Enhanced Machine Learning
19.8.2.2 Quantum Simulation in Chemistry and Materials Science
19.8.2.3 Quantum-Secure Cryptography
19.8.2.4 Quantum Hardware and Software Development
19.8.2.5 Consulting and Education
19.9 Conclusion
19.9.1 Key Findings and Their Implications
19.9.2 Concluding Remarks on the Combination of Quantum Computing and Enterprise
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
Introduction to Quantum Computing
Vinoj J., Swathika R., Gavaskar S. and K. B. Manikandan
1. History of Computing
2. A New Kind of Computing
3. Need for Quantum Computers
4. Fundamentals of Quantum Computing
5. “From Transistors to Qubits: The Evolution of Signal Processing and Noise Management in Classical and Quantum Computing”
6. Properties of Quantum Computing
7. The Topography of Quantum Technology
8. The Architecture of a Quantum Computer
9. Hardware and Software of Quantum Computers
10. Quantum Algorithm
10.1 Fourier Transform-Based Quantum Algorithms
10.2 Amplitude Amplification-Based Quantum Algorithms
10.3 Quantum Walks-Based Algorithms
10.4 BQP-Complete Problems
10.5 Hybrid Quantum/Classical Algorithms
11. Design Limitations of Quantum Computer
12. Approaches to Quantum Computing
13. Different Categories of Quantum Computers
13.1 Analog Quantum Computer
13.2 NISQ Gate-Based Computer
13.3 Gate-Based Quantum Computer with Full Error Correction
14. Advantages of Quantum Computing
15. Disadvantages of Quantum Computing
16. Applications of Quantum Computing
17. Major Challenges in Quantum Computing
18. Importance of Quantum Computing
19. Future Scope of Quantum Computing
20. Conclusion
References
Part 1: Quantum Computing Fundamentals and Applications
1. Quantum Computers—Real-World Applications and Challenges
Gnanasankaran Natarajan, Shirley Chellathurai Pon Anna Bai, Sandhya Soman and Elakkiya Elango
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Introduction to Quantum Computing
1.1.2 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics and Its Core Principles
1.1.2.1 Wave–Particle Duality
1.1.2.2 Superposition
1.1.2.3 Uncertainty Principle
1.1.2.4 Quantum Entanglement
1.1.3 Comprehensive Introduction to Quantum Computers
1.2 Types of Quantum Computers
1.2.1 Superconducting Qubit Quantum Computers
1.2.2 Trapped Ion Quantum Computers
1.2.3 Topological Quantum Computers
1.2.4 Photon-Based Quantum Computers
1.2.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Quantum Computers
1.2.6 Diamond-Based Quantum Computers
1.3 Quantum Computer Architecture
1.3.1 Qubits
1.3.2 Quantum Gates
1.3.3 Control System
1.3.4 Quantum Registers
1.3.5 Quantum Measurement
1.3.6 Error Correction
1.4 Quantum Algorithms Used in Quantum Computers
1.4.1 Grover’s Algorithm
1.4.2 Shor’s Algorithm
1.4.3 Quantum Simulation Algorithms
1.4.4 Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms
1.4.5 Quantum Fourier Transform
1.4.6 Quantum Walk Algorithms
1.5 The Benefits and Drawbacks of Quantum Computers
1.5.1 Benefits
1.5.1.1 Exponential Computational Power
1.5.1.2 Quantum Simulation
1.5.1.3 Cryptographic Impact
1.5.1.4 Machine Learning and Optimization
1.5.2 Disadvantages
1.5.2.1 Scalability
1.5.2.2 Error Correction
1.5.2.3 Sensitivity to Environmental Factors
1.5.2.4 Limited Quantum Applications
1.5.2.5 Development and Cost
1.6 Real-Time Applications of Quantum Computers
1.6.1 Quantum Cryptography
1.6.1.1 How Does Quantum Cryptography Work?
1.6.2 Drug Design and Development
1.6.2.1 Various Pharma-Focused Quantum-Based Computing Startups
1.6.3 Financial Modeling
1.6.3.1 Risk Management
1.6.3.2 Portfolio Management
1.6.4 Weather Forecasting
1.6.5 Advertising
1.6.6 Traffic Flow Management
1.6.7 Better Mobile Network Coverage
1.6.8 Cyber Security
1.6.8.1 India’s Next Quantum Computing Step in Cyber Security
1.6.9 Gaming
1.6.10 Computational Chemistry
1.7 Biggest Challenges in Quantum Computers
1.7.1 Error Correction
1.7.2 Scalability
1.7.3 Hardware Development
1.7.4 Software Development
1.7.5 Classical Computer Interfaces
1.7.6 Standards and Protocols
1.7.7 Trained Talent
1.7.8 Overall Expenses
1.8 Conclusion
References
2. Post-Quantum Cryptography Methods
M. Kundalakesi and M. Renuka Devi
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Cryptography
2.2.1 Symmetric Cryptography
2.2.1.1 Data Encryption Standard
2.2.1.2 Advanced Encryption Standards
2.2.2 Asymmetric Cryptography
2.2.2.1 Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (RSA)
2.2.2.2 Protocol for Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange
2.2.2.3 Elliptic Curve Cryptography
2.3 Post-Quantum Cryptography
2.4 Quantum Cryptography
2.5 Quantum Computing
2.5.1 Quantum Mechanics
2.5.2 Quantum Computers
2.6 Fundamentals of Quantum Computing
2.6.1 Quantum Computing in Parallel
2.6.2 Efficient Quantum State Information Extraction
2.7 Security of Cryptography
2.7.1 DES Quantum Security
2.7.2 AES Quantum Security
2.7.3 RSA Quantum Security
2.7.4 ECC Quantum Security
2.7.5 RSA and ECC: Vulnerable to Shor’s Algorithm
2.8 Need of Post-Quantum Cryptography
2.8.1 Code-Based Cryptography
2.8.2 Hash-Based Cryptography
2.8.3 Multivariate Cryptography
2.8.4 Lattice-Based Cryptography
2.8.4.1 Challenges
2.8.5 Supersingular Elliptic Curve Isogeny Cryptography
2.8.6 Systems Based on Isogeny
2.9 Challenges in Post-Quantum Cryptography
2.9.1 Efficiency
2.9.2 Confidence
2.10 Quantum Algorithms
2.10.1 Shor’s Algorithm
2.10.2 Simon’s Algorithm
2.11 Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process
2.11.1 NIST
2.12 Migration Challenges with PQC
2.13 Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence: Industrial Use Case
References
3. Unlocking Revolutionary Use Cases and Data Privacy Controls Throughout Quantum Computing and Blockchain
Rihab Benaich, Saida El Mendili and Youssef Gahi
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Fundamentals of Quantum Computing
3.3 Quantum Gates and Quantum Circuits
3.4 Quantum Computing Algorithms
3.4.1 Quantum Fourier Transform-Based Algorithms
3.4.2 Amplitude Amplification-Based Algorithms
3.4.3 Quantum Walk-Based Algorithms
3.4.4 Hybrid Quantum/Classical Algorithms
3.5 Quantum Computing vs. Traditional Computers
3.6 The Fundamentals of Blockchain Technology
3.6.1 Properties of Blockchain
3.6.2 Workflow of Blockchain Technology
3.6.3 Types of Blockchain
3.7 The Motivation Behind the Fusion of Blockchain and Quantum Computing
3.8 Related Works
3.9 Quantum Computing Threats Toward Blockchain
3.10 Quantum Computing Advantages Toward Blockchain
3.10.1 Post-Quantum Cryptography
3.10.2 Secure Key Distribution
3.10.3 Enhanced Consensus Mechanisms
3.10.4 Efficient Data Analysis
3.11 The Combination of Blockchain and Quantum Computing for Enhanced Data Privacy and Anonymization
3.12 Application Domains for the Combination of Blockchain and Quantum Computing
3.13 Discussion
3.14 Conclusion
References
4. Exploring Quantum Computing in Weather Forecasting: Leveraging Optimization Algorithms for Long-Term Accuracy
J. Loveline Zeema, Deepa S., Kirubanand V.B., Teena Jose and Kalpana P.
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Comprehensive Overview
4.1.2 Challenges in Achieving Accurate Long-Term Weather Predictions
4.2 Propulsion
4.2.1 Potential of Quantum Computing and Optimization Algorithms
4.2.2 Significance of Leveraging Quantum Computing
4.3 Scope of this Chapter
4.4 Applications of Quantum Algorithms
4.4.1 Factorization
4.4.2 Optimization Problems
4.4.3 Machine Learning
4.4.4 Simulation of Quantum Systems
4.4.5 Database Search
4.4.6 Cryptography and Security
4.4.7 Financial Modeling
4.4.8 Game Theory
4.5 Quantum Computing and Optimization
4.5.1 Quantum Computing
4.6 Quantum Optimization Algorithms
4.6.1 Quantum Annealing
4.6.2 Grover’s Algorithm
4.6.2.1 Quantum Optimization with Grover’s Algorithm
4.7 Weather Data Analysis Challenges
4.7.1 Weather Data Types and Importance
4.7.1.1 Atmospheric Observations
4.7.1.2 Satellite Imagery
4.7.1.3 Climate Models
4.7.2 Challenges in Weather Data Analysis
4.8 Leveraging Quantum Optimization for Weather Forecasting
4.9 Conclusion
References
5. How AI Empowers Quantum Computing
S. Subbaiah and M. Kavitha
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Industrial Revolution 1.0 to 5.0
5.3 Quantum Computing
References
6. Safeguarding Information Security: The Imperative Role of Quantum Random Number Generation
Thanga Helina Stalin, Sreejith Balakrishnan, Berin Jeba Jingle I. and Shirley Chellathurai Pon Anna Bai
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Literature Review
6.1.1.1 Background and Motivation
6.1.1.2 Scope and Significance of QRNG
6.1.2 Superposition in Quantum Random Number Generation
6.1.2.1 Entanglement
6.1.2.2 Quantum Bits (Qubits)
6.1.2.3 Quantum Measurement
6.1.2.4 Quantum Entanglement and Measurement
6.1.3 Basic Concepts of QRNG
6.1.3.1 QRNG Algorithms
6.1.4 Case Studies: Koashi and Ueda (2007), Yuan et al. (2008)
6.1.4.1 Case Study 1: Koashi and Ueda (2007)
6.1.4.2 Case Study 2: Yuan et al. (2008)
6.1.4.3 Other QRNG Approaches
6.1.4.4 Applications of QRNG
6.1.5 Quantum Random Number Generation in Practice
6.1.5.1 Future Directions and Emerging Trends
6.2 Conclusion
References
7. The Establishment of Quantum Networks
Deepa S., Loveline Zeema J., Vinay M., Jayapriya J. and B. Sundaravadivazhagan
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Overview of Quantum Networks
7.1.2 Principles of Quantum Mechanics
7.1.2.1 Importance of Quantum Networks
7.1.2.2 Applications of Quantum Networks
7.1.3 Purpose and Scope of the Chapter
7.2 Fundamentals of Quantum Networks
7.2.1 Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information Science
7.2.2 Quantum Entanglement
7.2.3 Quantum Superposition
7.2.4 Quantum Communication Protocols
7.2.5 Quantum Computing and Quantum Key Distribution
7.3 Building Blocks of Quantum Networks
7.3.1 Quantum Hardware
7.3.1.1 Qubits (Qubits)
7.3.1.2 Quantum Gates and Operations
7.3.1.3 Quantum Processor
7.3.2 Quantum Communication Channel
7.3.2.1 Quantum Optical Fibers
7.3.2.2 Free-Space Quantum Connections
7.3.2.3 Satellite-Based Quantum Communication
7.3.2.4 Satellite Deployment, Synchronization, and Atmospheric Conditions
7.4 Quantum Network Architecture
7.4.1 Quantum Network Topology
7.4.1.1 Point-to-Point Connection
7.4.1.2 Quantum Local Area Network (QLAN)
7.4.1.3 Quantum Metropolitan Area Network (QMAN)
7.4.1.4 Quantum Wide Area Network (QWAN)
7.4.2 Quantum Network Nodes
7.4.2.1 Quantum Repeaters
7.4.2.2 Quantum Switch
7.4.2.3 Quantum Memory
7.4.3 Quantum Network Protocol
7.4.3.1 Quantum Teleportation
7.4.3.2 Quantum Routing and Switching
7.4.3.3 Quantum Error Correction
7.4.3.4 Quantum Key Distribution Protocol
7.5 Challenges and Solutions in Building Quantum Networks
7.5.1 Quantum Noise and Decoherence
7.5.2 Quantum Error Correction
7.5.3 Quantum Network Scalability
7.5.4 Quantum Security and Encryption
7.5.5 Synchronization of Quantum Networks
7.5.6 Quantum Network Management and Monitoring
7.6 Current State of Quantum Network Development
7.6.1 Experimental Quantum Network
7.6.2 Implementation of a Real Quantum Network
7.7 Conclusion
7.7.1 Future Perspectives for Quantum Networks
References
8. Foundations of Quantum Computing and Machine Learning
K.C. Prabu Shankar, Chandraprabha K., K. Senthil Raja and P. Kanmani
8.1 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
8.2 Quantum Machine Learning: A New Paradigm
8.3 Literature Survey
8.4 Quantum Circuits and Operations
8.5 Comparison with Classical Computing
8.6 Machine Learning Landscape: From Algorithms to Data and Applications
8.7 Quantum Machine Learning (QML)
8.8 Challenges and Limitations of Classical Machine Learning
8.9 Quantum Machine Learning: Principles and Algorithms
8.10 Quantum Machine Learning Paradigms
8.11 Hybrid Quantum-Classical Approaches
8.12 Examples of Hybrid Quantum-Classical Algorithms for Specific Tasks
8.13 Applications and Opportunities in Quantum Machine Learning
8.14 Conclusion
8.15 The Future of Quantum Machine Learning: Challenges and Opportunities
References
9. Quantum Computing AI for Climate Modeling
K. Deeba, S.R. Ramya, B.G. Geetha and K. Shantha Kumari
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Climate Modeling
9.3 Quantum AI for Climate Modeling
9.4 Literature Survey
9.5 Traditional Computers Over Quantum AI for Climate Modeling
9.6 The Potential Applications of Quantum AI in Climate Modeling
9.7 Ethical Considerations and Societal Implications
9.8 Conclusion
9.9 Future Directions and Challenges
References
10. An Outlook on Universal Quantum Computers
M. Jaithoon Bibi, V. Kavitha, V. Krishnapriya, K. Gowri and S. Manoj
Introduction
History
Quantum Information Theory
Chances
Quantum Computing in Cryptography
Entanglement
Ethical and Societal Implications
Privacy and Security
Job Displacement and Workforce Transition
Equity in Access to Quantum Technologies
Environmental Impact
Dual-Use Dilemmas
Data Bias and Fairness
Regulatory and Governance Challenges
Impact of Cybersecurity
Cultural and Social Changes
Advantages of Quantum Computers
Faster Computations
Best for Simulation
Medicine Creation
Google Search
High Privacy
Used in Radar Making
Used in Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Algorithm Creation
The Low Temperature Needed
Not Open for Public
Internet Security
Error Correction
Scalability
Hardware Development
Software Development
Classical Computer Interfaces
Standards and Protocols
Trained Talent
Overall Expense
Future of Quantum Computing
Quantum Circuits
Quantum Cognition
Quantum Cryptography
Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs)
Optimization
ML/Big Data
Simulation
Materials Science
Conclusion
References
Part 2: Quantum Computing and Security
11. Establishment of Secure Quantum Network Communication with Cryptography Algorithm
S. Padmanayaki, K. Geetha, S. Sophia, P. Jayasuriya, Khan Mohammad Jarina Begum and M. Balasaraswathi
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Literature Review
11.3 Proposed Methodology
11.3.1 Improved Shor Algorithm
11.4 Results
11.4.1 Comparison Results
11.5 Conclusion
References
12. Quantum Computing in Industry: Unveiling Applications and Opportunities
N.A. Natraj, B. Sundaravadivazhagan, R. Sarathkumar, Harishchander Anandaram and Sarala Patchala
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Brief Overview of Quantum Computing
12.1.2 The Importance of Quantum Computing in the Industrial Sector
12.1.3 Unveiling the Strategic Analysis of Quantum Computing in the Industry
12.1.3.1 The Industry Potential Transformed by Quantum Computing
12.1.3.2 Instructions for Industry Participants
12.2 Quantum Fundamentals and Algorithms: Pioneering the Quantum Frontier
12.2.1 Quantum Computing: Superposition, Entanglement, and Quantum Bits
12.2.2 Delving into Quantum Algorithms: Unraveling the Potential Impact
12.2.3 Navigating the Quantum Frontier: A Strategic Insight
12.2.4 The Quantum Odyssey Continues: A Thousand Words and Beyond
12.3 Industries Poised for Transformation Through Quantum Computing
12.3.1 Quantum Computing in Finance and Cryptography: Pioneering a Quantum Revolution
12.3.1.1 Quantum Computing in Finance
12.3.1.2 Quantum-Safe Cryptography: Navigating the Quantum Threat
12.3.1.3 Optimization of Financial Portfolios: Quantum’s Strategic Advantage
12.3.1.4 Managing Quantum in Finance and Cryptography
12.3.2 Quantum Computing in Supply Chain and Logistics: Revolutionizing Routes and Enhancing Inventories
12.3.2.1 Quantum Computing in Supply Chain: A Paradigm Shift
12.3.2.2 Route Optimization Using Quantum Algorithms: A Quantum Symphony of
Possibilities
12.3.2.3 Inventory Management Enhancements: Quantum’s Strategic Advantage
12.3.2.4 Navigating the Quantum Landscape in Logistics
12.3.3 Quantum Computing in Drug Discovery and Healthcare: A Quantum Frontier Unveiled
12.3.3.1 Quantum Computing in Healthcare: A Transformative Paradigm
12.3.3.2 Molecular Simulation and Drug Discovery Acceleration: A Quantum Symphony
12.3.3.3 Quantum Precision Touch to Improvise Personalized Medicines
12.3.3.4 The Quantum Revolution in Healthcare: A Glimpse into the Future
12.3.3.5 Navigating the Quantum Landscape in Healthcare
12.3.4 Quantum Computing in Energy and Materials Science: A Revolution
12.3.4.1 Energy and Materials Science Quantum Computing: A Partnership
12.3.4.2 Quantum’s Sustainable Energy Production and Consumption Optimization
12.3.4.3 Navigating Quantum in Energy and Materials Science
12.4 Quantum Computing Challenges and Future: Navigating the Quantum Frontier
12.4.1 Quantum Hardware Limits
12.4.2 Quantum Computing Considerations
12.4.3 Future Quantum Computing Impact
12.4.4 Quantum Frontier Navigation
12.5 Conclusion
References
13. A Secure Transition Perspective on the Expectations and Benefits of Quantum Networks Over Classical Networks
S. Mayukha and R. Vadivel
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Brief Overview of Classical Networks and Its Limitations
13.2.1 Introduction to the Concept of Quantum Networks
13.2.2 Importance of Secure Transition from Classical to Quantum Networks
13.3 Objectives of the Chapter
13.4 Fundamentals of Quantum Communication
13.4.1 Basic Principles of Quantum Mechanics Relevant to Quantum Communication
13.4.2 Quantum Superposition and Entanglement
13.4.3 Quantum Bits (Qubits) and Its Properties
13.4.4 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) as a Foundation for Secure Communication
13.4.5 Quantum Networking’s Emergence
13.4.6 Detailed Explanation of Various QKD Protocols (BB84, E91, etc.)
13.4.7 Comparison of QKD with Classical Key Distribution Methods
13.4.8 Illustration of How QKD Ensures Secure Communication
13.4.9 Real-World Examples of Successful QKD Implementations
13.5 Overview of Common Security Threats in Classical Networks
13.5.1 Limitations of Classical Cryptography
13.5.2 Examples of Successful Attacks on Classical Networks
13.6 Secure Communication in the Quantum Era
13.7 Paradoxes of Quantum Functionalities
13.7.1 Introduction to the Fundamental Paradoxes
13.7.2 Exploration of Superposition and Entanglement
13.7.3 Examination of How These Paradoxes Form the Foundation of Quantum Computing’s Transformative Potential
13.7.4 Illustration of How Quantum Functionalities Differ Fundamentally from Classical Computation
13.7.5 Motivation for Transitioning to Quantum Networks for Enhanced Security
13.8 Security Risks in Post-Quantum Computing
13.8.1 In-Depth Analysis of Vulnerabilities Faced by Classical Networks
13.8.2 Discussion on the Accelerated Threat Landscape
13.8.3 Examination of Potential Risks to Classical Cryptographic Methods
13.8.4 Exploration of the Need for Enhanced Security Measures
13.9 Lessons from the Y2K Problem
13.9.1 Overview of the Y2K Problem and Its Impact on Classical Computing
13.9.2 Analysis of the Importance of Foresight and Proactive Measures
13.9.3 Identification of Key Lessons Learned from Past Challenges in Technology Transitions
13.10 Quantum-Proofing Measures for a Secure Transition
13.10.1 In-Depth Exploration of Quantum-Proofing Strategies
13.10.2 Examination of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) as a Game-Changer
13.10.3 Discussion on the Development of Quantum-Resistant Encryption Methods
13.10.4 Emphasis on Collaboration within a Proactive, User-Centric Community
13.11 Quantum Network Architecture
13.11.1 Components of a Quantum Network
13.11.2 Quantum Entanglement-Based Network Communication
13.11.3 Hybrid Quantum–Classical Network Models
13.11.4 Scalability and Feasibility Considerations
13.12 Quantum Network Security Advantages
13.12.1 Inherent Security Features of Quantum Communication
13.12.2 Unbreakable Quantum Key Distribution and Secure Communication Channels
13.12.3 Quantum-Resistant Algorithms for Enhanced Post-Quantum Security
13.12.4 Quantum-Resistant Data Integrity and Authentication
13.13 Challenges in Implementing Quantum Networks
13.13.1 Technical Challenges in Building and Maintaining Quantum Networks
13.13.2 Infrastructure Requirements for Quantum Communication
13.13.3 Quantum Error Correction and Fault Tolerance
13.13.4 Current Limitations and Ongoing Research Efforts
13.14 Case Studies and Success Stories
13.14.1 Real-World Examples of Successful Transitions from Classical to Quantum Networks
13.14.2 Experiences of Organizations in Enhancing Security through Quantum Technologies
13.14.3 Lessons Learned and Best Practices for a Smooth Transition
13.15 Regulatory and Ethical Considerations
13.15.1 Overview of Current Regulations and Standards for Quantum Communication
13.15.2 Ethical Considerations in the Deployment of Quantum Networks
13.15.3 International Collaboration and Standardization Efforts
13.16 Future Outlook and Emerging Technologies
13.16.1 Predictions for the Future of Quantum Networks
13.16.2 Emerging Technologies That Could Further Enhance Quantum Network Security
13.16.3 Potential Applications Beyond Secure Communication
13.17 Conclusion
References
14. Beyond Classical Limits: Exploring the Promise of Post-Quantum Cryptography
M. G. Divyajyothi, Rachappa Jopate and B. Sundaravadivazhagan
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Quantum Computing
14.3 Post-Quantum Cryptographic Techniques
14.4 Quantum Computing and AI Synergy
14.5 Industry 5.0 and Security Concerns
14.6 Use Cases of Post-Quantum Cryptography in Industry 5.0
14.7 Conclusion
References
15. Quantum Computing’s Implications for Cybersecurity
Gowri K., S. Jawahar, V. Kavitha, B. L. Shivakumar and M. Jaithoon Bibi
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Quantum Computing
15.1.2 Quantum Computing—History and Background
15.1.3 Quantum Theory
15.1.3.1 A Comprehensive Overview of Quantum Theory
15.1.4 Classical Bits
15.1.4.1 Qubits: How Do They Vary from Conventional Bits?
15.1.4.2 A Contrast Between Classical and Quantum Computing
15.1.5 Qubit
15.1.5.1 Physical vs. Logical Qubits
15.1.5.2 Atomic Attachment with Superposition
15.1.6 Quantum Computer’s Speed
15.2 Quantum Cybersecurity
15.2.1 Cybersecurity
15.2.2 Quantum Cybersecurity
15.2.2.1 Quantum Risks to Cybersecurity
15.2.2.2 Importance of Cybersecurity
15.2.3 Cybersecurity with Quantum Computers
15.2.4 Impact of Quantum Computing on Cybersecurity
15.2.5 Create Currently, Decode Later
15.3 Peter Shor Developed a Quantum Algorithm
15.3.1 Adjusting Cybersecurity to Address the Threat
15.4 Conclusion
References
Part 3: Quantum Computing Innovations and Future Perspectives
16. Quantum Machine Learning for Industry 4.0
Indu Bala, Kiran Ahuja and Maad M. Mijwil
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Industry 4.0
16.3 Role of Quantum Machine Learning in Industry 4.0
16.4 Use Cases of Quantum Machine Learning in Industry 4.0
16.5 Challenges in the Implementation of Quantum Machine Learning in Industry 4.0
16.6 Procedure to Implement Quantum Machine Learning in Industry
16.7 Recommendations and Future Scope
References
17. Quantum Computing and AI Applications in Industry 5.0 Use Cases
Jihane Gharib and Youssef Gahi
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Background: Current Landscape and Drivers for a 5th Revolution
17.3 Understanding Industry 5.0: A Human-Centric Approach
17.4 Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence as a Critical Driver for Industry 5.0
17.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
18. Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) Paradigm for Voice-Controlled Devices
Aswani S. and E. Chandra
18.1 Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) for Voice-Controlled Devices
18.1.1 Introduction
18.1.2 Relevance of QAI in Industry 5.0 and Voice-Controlled Devices
18.1.3 Evolution from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0
18.1.4 Challenges and Limitations in Traditional AI Faces Industry 5.0
18.2 AI Applications in Industry 5.0
18.2.1 AI in Supply Chain Optimization
18.2.2 AI in Voice-Controlled Device Transformation
18.2.3 Challenges and Opportunities in Industry 5.0
18.2.4 Evolution of Voice-Controlled Devices
18.2.5 Voice Assistant Performance Boost
18.2.6 Quantum-Enhanced Voice Recognition
18.2.6.1 Use Cases in Voice-Controlled Devices
18.2.7 Security and Privacy Considerations
18.3 Quantum Artificial Intelligence for Industry 5.0: Challenges and Considerations
18.3.1 Technical Hurdles and Quantum Hardware
18.3.2 Quantum Error Detection
18.3.3 Integration with Classical AI Systems
18.3.3.1 Significance of Integration
18.3.3.2 Challenges and Opportunities
18.3.3.3 Potential Applications
18.3.4 Quantum AI Bias and Fairness
18.3.5 Quantum Ethical Frameworking
18.4 Quantum Computing Potential Impacts
18.4.1 Algorithms for Natural Language Understanding
18.4.2 Quantum Neural Networks
18.4.3 Quantum Language Models
18.4.4 Quantum-Powered Future
18.5 A Symbiotic Relationship Between Voice Recognition and Quantum Computing
18.5.1 Limitations of Classical Artificial Intelligence for Voice Commands
18.5.2 Quantum Computing Improves Voice Recognition
18.5.3 QAI Algorithms for NLP
18.5.4 Enhancing User Experience with Quantum Voice Interface
References
19. Exploring the Entrepreneurial Opportunities Arising from AI-Driven Quantum Computing Advancements
M. Ashok Kumar, Aliyu Mohammed, M. Marimuthu and B. Sundaravadivazhagan
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Objective of the Study
19.2.1 Clarification of the Primary Research Goal
19.2.2 Specific Objectives and Their Relation to Quantum Computing and Entrepreneurship
19.2.2.1 To Investigate the Status of Quantum Computing and Its Future Development with Artificial Intelligence
19.2.2.2 Identification of the Main Entrepreneurial Opportunities Made
Possible by AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.2.2.3 To Examine the Problems and Dangers That Entrepreneurs Encounter
in AI-Based Quantum Computing
19.2.2.4 Examine Market Trends and Projections for AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.2.2.5 Examining Financing Choices, Business Ideas, and Startup Methodologies
19.2.2.6 Concerns about Intellectual Property and the Job of Partnerships
19.3 Statement of the Problem
19.3.1 Identification of Key Challenges and Gaps in the Field of AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.3.1.1 Scalability of Quantum Hardware
19.3.1.2 Quantum Error Correction
19.3.1.3 Quantum Algorithm Complexity
19.3.1.4 AI Algorithm Integration
19.3.1.5 Access to Quantum Resources
19.3.2 Discussion of Implications for Entrepreneurship
19.3.2.1 Risk and Uncertainty
19.3.2.2 Competitive Landscape
19.3.2.3 Investment and Funding Complexities
19.3.2.4 Intellectual Property Issues
19.3.2.5 Partnerships and Collaborations
19.3.3 Quantum-Related Challenges
19.3.4 Entrepreneurial Challenges and Opportunities
19.4 Literature Review
19.4.1 Conceptual Framework
19.4.1.1 Overview of Quantum Computing Concepts
19.4.1.2 Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Quantum Computing
19.4.1.3 Theoretical Foundations of Quantum Algorithms
19.4.2 The Budding Ecosystem: Cultivating AI-Driven Quantum Entrepreneurs
19.4.2.1 Incubators and Accelerators
19.4.2.2 Funding Sources
19.4.2.3 Collaborative Initiatives
19.4.2.4 Challenges and Opportunities
19.4.3 Entrepreneurial Success Stories
19.4.3.1 Xanadu (Canada): Quantum Drug Discovery
19.4.3.2 Zapata Computing (US): Finance and Optimization
19.4.3.3 QuTech Delft (Netherlands): Quantum Hardware and Software
19.4.3.4 QuTech Delft (Netherlands): Quantum Cybersecurity
19.4.3.5 Cambridge Quantum Computing (UK): Materials Science and Quantum
Chemistry
19.4.4 Current Market Trends and Entrepreneurial Opportunities in AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.4.4.1 Market Trends
19.4.4.2 Entrepreneurial Opportunities
19.4.4.3 Additional Considerations
19.5 Theoretical Framework
19.5.1 An Introduction to Some Key Theoretical Frameworks (e.g., Quantum Information Theory)
19.5.2 The Relevance to the Research Study
19.5.3 Navigating the Quantum Frontier: Theoretical Frameworks for Entrepreneurial Exploration
19.5.3.1 Technology Adoption Frameworks
19.5.3.2 Frameworks for Business Model Innovation
19.5.3.3 Risk Management Frameworks
19.5.3.4 Additional Considerations
19.6 Empirical Study
19.6.1 Examination of Real-World Applications and Advancements in AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.6.2 Two Case Studies of the Practical Implementation of AI in Quantum Computing
19.6.3 The Quantum Startup Landscape: An Empirical Analysis
19.6.3.1 Key Players and Innovations
19.6.3.2 Challenges and Overcoming Strategies
19.6.3.3 Future Trends and Opportunities
19.7 Gap in the Literature
19.7.1 Identification of Areas Where Existing Research Falls Short
19.7.1.1 Interdisciplinary Insights
19.7.1.2 Practical Entrepreneurial Guidance
19.7.1.3 Policy and Regulation
19.7.1.4 Global and Regional Variations
19.7.2 Rationale for the Need to Fill These Gaps
19.7.2.1 Interdisciplinary Understanding
19.7.2.2 Practical Entrepreneurial Guidance
19.7.2.3 Policy and Regulation Compliance
19.7.2.4 Regional Insights
19.7.3 Entrepreneurial Research Gaps
19.8 Findings
19.8.1 Presentation and Discussion of Findings in the Context of AI-Driven Quantum Computing
19.8.2 Highlighting the Principal Entrepreneurial Opportunities Discovered During the Study
19.8.2.1 Quantum-Enhanced Machine Learning
19.8.2.2 Quantum Simulation in Chemistry and Materials Science
19.8.2.3 Quantum-Secure Cryptography
19.8.2.4 Quantum Hardware and Software Development
19.8.2.5 Consulting and Education
19.9 Conclusion
19.9.1 Key Findings and Their Implications
19.9.2 Concluding Remarks on the Combination of Quantum Computing and Enterprise
References
Index
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