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Pharmaceutical Polymer Formulations and its Applications

Edited by Raj K. Keservani, Eknath D. Ahire and Rajesh K. Kesharwani
Copyright: 2025   |   Status: Published
ISBN: 9781394172382  |  Hardcover  |  

Price: $225 USD
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One Line Description
The book is an essential resource for anyone in the pharmaceutical field, as it provides in-depth insights into the versatile roles of polymers in controlled drug delivery, highlighting their critical applications in product innovation, development, and manufacturing.

Audience
The book will interest chemists and healthcare professionals interested in pharmaceutical innovation using polymers.

Description
Pharmaceutical Polymer Formulations and Its Applications provides an overview of the applications of pharmaceutical polymers in the vast field of controlled drug delivery. Polymers have the potential for a range of uses in the design of pharmaceutical dosage forms. They can be used as suspending, emulsifying, binding, or flocculant agents, as well as adhesives and packaging and coating materials. They can be used to make gels, nanoparticles, microparticles, and various capsules. Polymers have played an indispensable role in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products. This volume includes various polymers used in pharmacy based on their applications. The overviews focus on the use of pharmaceutical polymers for controlled drug delivery applications. Examples of pharmaceutical polymers and the principles of controlled drug delivery are outlined, and applications of polymers for controlled drug delivery are also discussed.
• Explores the latest tactics utilized for the application of polymers in the healthcare industry;
• Showcases the numerous innovations of polymers in manufacturing of pharmaceuticals;
• Provides essential elements for the conceptualization and comprehension of polymer products by highlighting their aspects and overcoming manufacturing, regulatory, and quality control obstacles.

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Author / Editor Details
Raj K. Keservani, PhD is a professor on the Pharmacy faculty at the Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj Group of Institutions, with over 12 years of teaching experience. He has published over 30 peer-reviewed papers in national and international journals, six patents, over 70 book chapters, three co-authored books, and over 40 edited books. He is also active as a reviewer for several international scientific journals. His research interests include nutraceutical and functional foods, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), transdermal drug delivery, health science, cancer biology, and neurobiology.

Eknath D. Ahire, PhD is an assistant professor in the Department of Pharmaceutics at MET’s Institute of Pharmacy in Bhujbal Knowledge City with over six years of experience. He is a reviewer for 15 reputed international journals and serves as an associate editor and editorial advisory board member with different journals. He has over 110 publications in national and international journals, as well as eight textbooks and six edited books. His research interests include nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, novel drug delivery systems, and nutraceuticals.

Rajesh K. Kesharwani, PhD is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Applications at Nehru Gram Bharati University with over 11 years of experience. He has authored over 55 peer-reviewed articles, 35 book chapters, and 27 edited books with international publishers. He is a reviewer for many international journals and has presented many papers at various national and international conferences. His research interests include medical informatics, protein structure and function prediction, computer-aided drug designing, structural biology, drug delivery, cancer biology, and nanobiotechnology.

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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Overview and Introduction of Polymers Used in Pharmaceuticals
Nikhil Rajnani, Nalini Kurup, Nikita Rajnani and Selvakumar Sambandan
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 History of Polymer
1.2 Classification of Polymers
1.2.1 Sources
1.2.2 Bio-Stability
1.2.3 Polymerization
1.2.4 Interaction with Water
1.3 Ideal Characteristics of Polymer
1.4 Characterization of Polymer
1.5 Applications of Polymers in Drug Delivery System
1.5.1 Tablets
1.5.2 Capsules
1.5.3 Disperse Systems
1.5.4 Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
1.5.5 Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
1.5.6 pH-Sensitive Drug Release
1.5.7 Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems
1.5.8 Mucosal Drug Delivery Systems
1.5.9 Novel Drug Delivery Systems
1.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
2. Biopolymers as Potential Carriers in the Novel Drug Delivery System
Madhuri D. Deshmukh, Eknath D. Ahire, Moreshwar P. Patil, Prasad Rayte, Sheetal Gosavi, Shruti S. Moarnkar and Amit Kumar Rajora
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Classification
2.2.1 Biodegradable Natural Polymers
2.3 Properties of Biopolymer
2.4 Characterization Techniques of Biopolymer
2.5 Frequently Studied Biopolymers
2.6 Future Prospective
2.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
3. Functional Polymers as Drug Carriers in Pharmaceuticals Development
Eknath D. Ahire, Gangadhar Magar, Shruti Morankar and Amit Kumar Rajora
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Polymer
3.2 Polymers’ Role in Drug Delivery
3.2.1 Immediate Release Dosage Forms
3.2.2 Capsules
3.2.3 Modified‐Release
3.2.4 Extended-Release Dosages
3.2.5 Gastroretentive Dosages
3.3 Biomaterials for Delivery Systems
3.4 Polymers for Medication Delivery
3.4.1 Polymers that Distribute Drugs Mucoadherely
3.4.2 Polymer-Based Floating Medication Delivery
3.4.3 Implantable Drug Delivery Polymers
3.4.4 Polymers for Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery
3.4.5 Sustained-Release Polymers
3.4.6 Polymeric Micelles
3.4.7 Polymer Drug Conjugate
3.4.8 Nano- and Microparticle Polymers for Drug Delivery
3.4.9 Tissue Engineering Polymers
3.5 How Polymers Release Drugs
3.5.1 Diffusion
3.5.2 Degradation
3.5.3 Swelling
3.6 Polymeric System Selection Criteria
3.6.1 Temperature-Sensitive Polymers
3.6.2 Thermally Sensitive Smart Polymers
3.6.3 pH-Sensitive Polymers
3.6.4 Polymers that React to Glucose
3.6.5 Temperature and pH-Sensitive Polymers
3.6.6 Photoresponsive Smart Polymers
3.6.7 Enzyme-Sensitive Polymer
3.6.8 Oxidation- and Reduction-Sensitive Polymers
3.7 Applications
3.7.1 Specialized Polymeric System Applications
3.7.1.1 Drug Delivery
3.7.1.2 Biomaterials, Microfabrication, and Actuators
3.7.1.3 Diagnostic Applications
3.7.1.4 Cardiology Implants
3.7.1.5 Polymer-Based Mucoadhesive Delivery System
3.7.1.6 Cancer Treatment Using Medications and Polymers
3.7.1.7 Biotechnology and Medicine
3.7.1.8 Surfaces with Stimuli Responsiveness
3.7.1.9 Monitoring Blood Sugar Levels
3.8 Conclusion and Future Trends
Acknowledgements
References
4. Nanopolymer for Drug Delivery
Anju, Mishra Prakash Shyambabu, Amit Kumar Singh and Shanti Bhushan Mishra
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Classification of Polymer Nanoparticles
4.3 Polymers Used in the Manufacturing of PNPs
4.4 Conventionally Used Methods for Making Polymeric Nanoparticles (PNPS)
4.4.1 Evaporation of Solvent
4.4.2 Spontaneous Emulsification or Solvent Diffusion Method
4.4.3 Salting Out
4.4.4 Polymerization
4.4.5 Supercritical Fluids
4.4.6 Nanoprecipitation
4.4.7 Production of Polymeric Nanoparticle Using Advanced Methodologies
4.4.7.1 The Polymerization of Rings
4.4.7.2 Atomization Using Electrohydrodynamics
4.4.7.3 Desolvation of Macromolecules Leads to the Production of Nanoparticles
4.4.7.4 Self-Polymerization
4.5 Pros and Cons of Polymeric Nanoparticles
4.6 Characterizing Polymeric Nanoparticles
4.6.1 Morphology
4.6.2 Distribution of Particle Size
4.6.3 Crystal Structure and Chemical Composition
4.6.4 Polymer Molar Mass Distribution
4.6.5 Chemistry and Surface Area
4.6.6 pH of Suspensions
4.7 Controlled Drug Delivery Polymeric Nanoparticles
4.7.1 Drug Release Mechanisms
4.8 Applications of Polymeric Nanoparticles
4.8.1 Cancer
4.8.2 Gold-Based Polymeric Nanoparticles Used in Cancer Diagnostics
4.8.3 Polymeric Gadolinium Nanoparticles (GdNPs) Used in Cancer Diagnostics
4.8.4 Oral Delivery of Peptides and Proteins
4.8.5 Drug Administration in the Brain
4.8.6 For the Transdermal Administration of Drugs
4.8.7 Ocular Medication Delivery
4.8.8 Nasal Route Drug Administration
4.8.9 Parenteral Route of Administration
4.8.10 Topical Therapeutics Using PNPs
4.9 Recent Advances in the Field of PNPs
4.9.1 Polymer Nanoparticles as Dietary Supplements
4.9.2 AuNPs for Application in Gene Therapy
4.10 Future Prospects and Challenges
4.11 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
5. Natural Polymers for Drug Delivery
Mishra Prakash Shyambabu, Mukul Maurya, Amit Kumar Singh, Pradeep Kumar Vishwakarma and Shanti Bhushan Mishra
5.1 Introduction
5.2 General Methods of Extraction for Natural Polymers
5.2.1 Natural Polymers can be Modified Using a Variety of Techniques
5.2.1.1 Cross-Linking and Grafting
5.2.1.2 Formation of Derivatives
5.2.1.3 Polymer-Polymer Blending
5.2.2 Advantages of Natural Polymers
5.2.3 Disadvantages of Natural Polymers
5.3 Plant-Based Natural Polymers
5.3.1 Astragalus Polysaccharide
5.3.2 Acacia
5.3.3 Cellulose
5.3.4 Dextrin
5.3.5 Rosin
5.3.6 Guar Gum
5.3.7 Inulin
5.3.8 Pectin
5.3.9 Starch
5.4 Animal-Based Natural Polymers
5.4.1 Silk Fibroin
5.4.2 Chitosan
5.4.3 Chrondroitin
5.4.4 Gelatin
5.4.5 Albumin
5.5 Microorganism-Based Natural Polymers
5.5.1 Dextran
5.5.2 Scleroglucan
5.5.3 Xanthan Gum
5.5.4 Pullulan
5.6 Marine-Based Natural Polymers
5.6.1 Alginate
5.6.2 Carrageenan
5.6.3 Fucoidan
5.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
6. Intelligent Drug Delivery Systems for Safe and Effective Cancer Treatment: Smart Bio-Responsive Polymers
Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Smart Materials with Endogenous Triggering
6.2.1 Reactive Smart Materials Based on pH
6.2.2 Smart Materials
6.2.3 Smart Materials that Respond to Enzymes
6.3 Smart Materials with External Triggers
6.3.1 Smart Materials that React to Temperature
6.3.2 Light-Responsive Smart Materials
6.3.3 Ultrasound-Responsive Smart Materials
6.3.4 X-Ray-Responsive Smart Materials
6.3.5 Magnetic-Responsive Smart Materials
6.4 Biological Perspective
6.4.1 Gastrointestinal Tract
6.4.2 Complement: Parenteral Drug’s Biological Barrier Powerhouse
6.4.2.1 The Complement System
6.4.2.2 Symmetry and Molecular Identification
6.4.2.3 The Complement Cascade
6.4.2.4 Polymeric Nanoparticle Recognition
6.4.2.5 Complement Activation
6.4.3 Intracellular Compartment
6.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective
Acknowledgment
References
7. Polymers and Their Uses in Drug Delivery
Shilpa Amit Gajbhiye, Eknath D. Ahire, Moreshwar P. Patil, Preeti R. Meshram and Yogita M. Patil
7.1 Introduction
7.2 A Polymeric Drug Delivery System’s Fundamentals
7.3 Classification of Polymers
7.3.1 Natural Polymers
7.3.2 Semi-Synthetic Polymers
7.3.3 Synthetic Polymers
7.4 Types of Polymers Used Depending Upon Their Inherent Property
7.4.1 PLGA
7.4.1.1 Physical and Chemical Properties
7.4.2 PGA (Poly Glycolic Acid)
7.4.2.1 Features in Physical and Chemical Analysis
7.4.3 Poly-l-Glutamic Acid
7.4.4 Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)
7.4.4.1 Physical and Chemical Properties
7.4.5 PNIPAAm [Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)]
7.4.6 pHEMA [Poly 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate]
7.4.7 PPy [Polypyrrole]
7.4.8 PAMAM [Poly(Amidoamine)]
7.4.9 Dextran
7.5 Traditional Use of Polymers in Drug Delivery
7.6 Smart Polymers
7.7 Polymers in Novel Drug Delivery Systems
7.8 Recent Polymer Drug Delivery System Advances
7.9 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
8. Polymers in Oral Hygiene and Oral Drug Delivery
Kumari Supriya, Eknath D. Ahire, Amit Kumar Rajora and Shruti Morankar
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Oral Hygiene
8.3 Polymers
8.3.1 Natural Polymers
8.3.2 Synthetic Polymers
8.4 History of Oral Polymeric Materials
8.5 Dental Polymers Natural and Synthetic
8.6 The Use of Polymers in Oral Hygiene
8.7 Polymers’ Part in the Oral Delivery of Drug
8.7.1 Drug Protection
8.7.2 Delayed Release
8.7.3 Drug Release
8.7.4 Starch and Dextrins
8.7.5 Hydrocolloids
8.7.6 Polymethacrylates
8.7.7 PVA
8.7.8 Povidone
8.7.9 Carbomers
8.7.10 Ion Exchange Resins
8.8 Oral Disease Management
8.9 Manufacturing of Dental Products
8.10 Polymers in Oral Health
8.10.1 Chitosan
8.10.2 Hyaluronic Acid
8.10.3 Sodium Alginate
8.10.4 Agarose
8.10.5 Proteins
8.10.6 Collagen
8.10.7 Fibrin
8.10.8 Gelatin
8.10.9 Polynucleotides
8.10.10 Pectin and Gums
8.10.11 Peptides – Gelatine, Collagen
8.11 Oral Drug Delivery System
8.12 Application of Polymers in Oral Dosage Forms
8.12.1 Solutions
8.12.2 Suspensions
8.12.3 Emulsions
8.12.4 Pastes
8.12.5 Films
8.12.6 Gums
8.12.7 Encapsulation
8.12.8 Tablets
8.12.8.1 Matrix Tablets
8.12.8.2 Delayed-Release Tablets
8.13 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
9. Polymers in Controlled Drug Delivery System
Amruta Balekundri and Eknath D. Ahire
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Based on Occurrence/Origin
9.1.2 Based on Structure of the Polymers
9.1.3 Based on Thermal Behavior
9.1.4 Based on Polymerization Reaction
9.1.5 Based on the Molecular Forces
9.2 Controlled Drug Delivery
9.2.1 Advantages of Controlled Drug Delivery System
9.2.2 Disadvantages of Controlled Drug Delivery System
9.2.3 Factors Affecting Controlled Drug Delivery System
9.3 Mechanism of Controlled Drug Delivery System
9.3.1 System for Controlled Release of Dissolution
9.3.2 Diffusion Release CRDDS
9.3.3 Water-Penetration Controlled Release System
9.3.4 Chemically Regulated Medication Delivery
9.4 Polymers in Controlled Drug Delivery System
9.4.1 Natural Polymers in Drug Delivery System
9.4.1.1 Chitosan
9.4.1.2 Arginine Derivatives
9.4.1.3 Polysaccharides
9.4.1.4 Cyclodextrin Derivatives
9.4.1.5 PGC and PLA
9.4.1.6 Hyaluronic Acid
9.4.2 Synthetic Polymers in Drug Delivery System
9.4.2.1 Polyethylene Glycol
9.4.2.2 Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate)
9.4.2.3 Poly(N-isopropyl Acrylamides) (PNIPAAm)
9.4.2.4 Polyethylenimine (PEI)
9.4.3 Semi-Synthetic Polymers in Drug Delivery System
9.4.3.1 HPMC
9.4.3.2 Methyl Cellulose
9.4.3.3 CMC
9.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
10. Polymers: An Update on Their Use in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems and Other Recent Developments
Shweta H. Shahare, Hitesh V. Shahare, Yunus N. Ansari, Charulata T. Nemade, Khemchand R. Surana, Rani S. Kankate and Eknath D. Ahire
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Anatomy
10.2 Ideal Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System Characteristics
10.3 Routes of Administration of ODDS
10.3.1 Topical Ocular Administration
10.3.2 Systemic
10.3.3 Oral Administration
10.3.4 Periocular and Intravitreal Administration
10.4 Approaches for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System
10.4.1 Viscosity Enhancers
10.4.2 Eye Ointments
10.4.3 Gel
10.4.4 Prodrug
10.4.5 Penetration Enhancers
10.4.6 Liposomes
10.4.7 Niosomes
10.4.8 Nanospheres
10.4.9 Nanosuspension
10.4.10 Microparticles
10.4.11 Ocular Inserts
10.4.12 Implants
10.4.13 Intravitreal Injections
10.4.14 Iontophoresis
10.4.15 Periocular Route
10.5 Polymers in the Delivery of Drug to the Eyes
10.5.1 Classification of Polymers
10.5.1.1 Synthetic Polymeric Biomaterials
10.5.1.2 PLGA
10.5.1.3 PCL
10.5.1.4 PEG
10.5.1.5 HPMC
10.5.1.6 Carbapols and Carbomers
10.5.1.7 Eudragit®
10.5.1.8 PVA and PVP
10.5.1.9 Poloxamers
10.5.2 Biopolymers
10.5.2.1 Collagen
10.5.2.2 Gelatin
10.5.2.3 Chitosan
10.5.2.4 Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
10.5.2.5 Inulin
10.5.2.6 Other Biopolymers
10.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
11. Polymers and Approaches in Dental Preparations
Hitesh V. Shahare, Yunus N. Ansari, Eknath D. Ahire, Kavita R. Chandramore, Kshtija P. Deshmukh, Shweta H. Shahare and Deepti G. Phadtare
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Polymers Used in Dentistry
11.3 Branches of Dentistry
11.3.1 Prosthodontics
11.3.2 Operative Dentistry
11.3.3 Orthodontics
11.3.4 Endodontics
11.4 Properties of Polymers
11.4.1 Physical Properties of Polymers
11.4.2 Mechanical Properties
11.4.3 Rheometric Properties
11.4.4 Properties of Solubility and Dissolution
11.4.5 Thermal Properties
11.4.6 Thermoplastic Polymers
11.4.7 Thermosetting Polymers
11.5 Applications of Polymers in Dentistry
11.5.1 Dental Fillings and Sealants
11.5.2 Cement
11.5.3 Denture Base Material
11.5.4 Digital Space Maintainers
11.5.5 Impression Materials
11.5.6 Root Canal Filling Materials
11.5.7 Athletic Mouth Protectors
11.5.8 Elastic Obturators for Cleft Palates
11.5.9 Dental Implants
11.6 Recent Advancements in Use of Polymers in Dentistry
11.6.1 3D Printed Polymers in Dentistry
11.6.2 4D Printed Polymers in Dentistry
11.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
12. Role and Types of Polymers Used in Cosmetics
Shweta H. Shahare, Bhavesh B. Amrute, Hitesh V. Shahare, Nayana S. Baste, Eknath D. Ahire, Parag A. Pathade and Sandhya Borse
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Classification of Cosmetics
12.2.1 Cosmetics Depending on Usage
12.2.2 Cosmetics According to Their Function
12.2.3 Cosmetics Based on Their Constitutive Elements
12.3 Chemistry of Cosmetics
12.3.1 Water
12.3.2 Emulsifier
12.3.3 Preservatives
12.3.4 Thickeners
12.3.5 Emollient
12.3.6 Coloring Agents
12.3.7 Glimmer and Shine
12.3.8 Fragrances
12.3.9 Rheological Modifiers
12.4 Polymers in Cosmetics
12.5 Natural Polymers
12.5.1 Starch
12.5.2 Chitosan
12.5.3 Cellulose
12.5.4 Sericin
12.5.5 Collagen
12.5.6 Ulvan
12.5.7 Hyaluronic Acid
12.5.8 Carrageenan
12.6 Semi-Synthetic Polymers
12.6.1 Nitrocellulose
12.6.2 Acrylate-Copolymers
12.6.3 Polyquaternarium
12.6.4 Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose
12.6.5 Hydroxyethyl Cellulose
12.6.6 Polyacrylic Acid
12.6.7 Polyamide
12.7 Synthetic Polymers
12.7.1 Polyethylene Glycols
12.7.2 Dimethicone
12.7.3 Poloxamer
12.7.4 Polylactic Acid
12.7.5 Polyurethanes
12.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
13. Potential Natural Polymers in the Modern Drug Delivery Systems
Maruti K. Shelar and Shubhangi V. Shekade
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Type of Modern Drug Delivery System
13.2.1 Phytosome or Herbosome
13.2.1.1 Properties of Phytosomes
13.2.1.2 Advantages of Phytosomes
13.2.1.3 Method of Preparation for Phytosome
13.2.2 Liposome
13.2.2.1 Advantages of Liposome
13.2.2.2 Classification of Liposome
13.2.2.3 Method of Preparation
13.2.3 Niosome
13.2.3.1 Advantages of Niosome
13.2.3.2 Classification of Niosome
13.2.3.3 Method of Preparation
13.2.4 Ethosome
13.2.4.1 Advantages of Ethosomes
13.2.4.2 Preparation Methods for Ethosomes
13.2.5 Transferosome
13.2.5.1 Advantages of Transferosome
13.2.5.2 Method of Preparation
13.2.6 Nanoparticles
13.2.6.1 Advantages
13.2.6.2 Method of Preparation
13.2.7 Microsphere
13.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
14. Polymers in Nutritional Applications
Shilpa Amit Gajbhiye, Eknath D. Ahire, Preeti R. Meshram and Yogita M. Patil
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Classification
14.2.1 Polyamide (Proteins)
14.2.2 Polysaccharides (i.e., Starches and Celluloses)
14.2.3 Polynucleotides (DNA and RNA)
14.3 Advantages
14.3.1 Nutrient Protection and Delivery
14.3.2 Texture and Stability Enhancement
14.3.3 Shelf-Life Extension
14.3.4 Fat and Sugar Reduction
14.3.5 Health Promotion
14.3.6 Allergen- and Gluten-Free Options
14.4 Disadvantages
14.4.1 Digestibility and Absorption
14.4.2 Taste and Texture Modification
14.4.3 Processing Challenges
14.4.4 Safety and Allergenicity
14.5 Application of Nutritional Polymer
14.5.1 Edible Coatings and Films
14.5.2 Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds
14.5.3 Fat and Sugar Replacement
14.5.4 Texture Modification
14.6 Current Innovative Research in the Field of Nutritional Polymer
14.6.1 Edible and Biodegradable Packaging Materials
14.6.2 Controlled Release of Nutrients
14.6.3 Enhancing Bioavailability of Nutrients
14.6.4 Development of Functional Food Materials
14.6.5 Personalized Nutrition
14.6.6 Nutrigenomics
14.7 Future Perception to Nutritional Polymer Research
14.7.1 Advanced Delivery Systems
14.7.2 Smart and Responsive Materials
14.7.3 Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Materials
14.7.4 Functional and Bioactive Materials
14.7.5 Biocompatible and Bioactive Coatings
14.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
15. Green Polymers and Their Uses in Pharmacy
Pavan Kumar Padarthi, Kore Kakasaheb Jagannath, Varsha Deva, Sudhahar Dharmalingam, Santosh Karajgi, V. Rao, Manchineni Prasada Rao and Senthil Prabhu Rajendran
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Natural (Green) Polymer
15.2.1 Hemicellulose
15.2.2 Cellulose
15.2.3 Carrageenans
15.2.4 Gums and Mucilages
15.2.5 Alginates
15.2.6 Pectins
15.2.7 Acacia Gum
15.2.8 Xanthan Gum
15.2.9 Exudates Gums
15.2.10 Tragacanth Gum
15.2.11 Gellan Gum
15.3 Future Indications
15.4 Conclusion
References
16. Polymers in Gene Delivery
Niloufer K. Kotwal, Rishi Pal, Sultana Razia, Jaffar Shaik and Meenakshi Jaiswal
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Application of Polymers in Gene Delivery
16.3 Methods for Delivering Genes
16.4 Polymers Used
16.4.1 Polyaminoesters
16.4.2 Polymers with Cations
16.4.3 Polyethyleneimine
16.4.4 Dendrimers
16.4.5 Polyurethanes
16.4.6 Acrylate-Based Polymers
16.4.7 Polycarbonates
16.4.8 Oligoamine-Polysaccharide Conjugates
16.4.9 Biodegradable Polymers
16.5 Future Prospective
16.6 Conclusion
References
17. Introduction, Overview and Various Uses of Synthetic Polymers in Pharmacy
Rajesh Kumar, Jyoti Prakash, Anmol Gautam, Gaurav Dhiman, Pradeep Saha, Dhruv Dev and Mohammad Shahnaz
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Synthetic Polymers in Pharmaceutical Formulation Developments
17.2.1 Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate)
17.2.2 α,β-DL-Polyaspartamides
17.2.3 Poly(Ethylenimine)s
17.2.4 Polyamidoamines
17.2.5 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
17.2.6 N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)Methacrylamides (HPMAs)
17.2.7 Poly(N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)Methacrylamide)s
17.2.8 Poly(N-Isopropyl Acrylamide)s
17.2.9 Polyethylenimine Copolymers
17.3 Synthetic Polymer-Conjugates Applications in Pharmaceuticals
17.3.1 Polymer-Platinum Conjugates
17.3.2 Polymer-Ferrocene Conjugates
17.4 Applications
17.4.1 Drug-Free Macromolecular Therapeutics
17.4.2 Targeting Polymeric Drug Delivery
17.4.3 Polymeric Gene Delivery Systems
17.4.4 Biomimetic and Bio-Inspired Polymers
17.5 Future Prospects
17.6 Conclusion
References
18. Semiconducting Polymer
Senthil Prabhu Rajendran
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Polymers that are Conjugated as Semiconductors
18.3 Polymers with Semiconducting Properties
18.4 Applications of Semiconducting Polymers in Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences Neural Applications
18.4.1 Noninvasive Applications
18.4.2 Invasive
18.4.3 Application in Drug Delivery
18.4.4 Applications as Theranostic
18.5 Conclusion
References
19. Nanostructured Polymer Systems and Pharmacy
K. Bhaskar Reddy, Vishal Satish Patil, P.S. Minhas, Madhusmruti Khandai, Varinder Soni, V. Ragini, Sanjesh Kumar Gotam Rathi and Dhruv Dev
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Nanostructured Polymers
19.3 Utilization of Polymeric Nanostructured Systems in the Drug Delivery System Nanocapsules
19.3.1 Nanoparticles
19.3.2 Nanogels
19.3.3 Nanotubes
19.3.4 Dendrimers
19.4 Future Perspective
19.5 Conclusion
References
20. Microstructured Polymer System and Its Application in Pharmacy
Anasuya Patil, Kavita Vijay, P.S. Minhas, Mahaveer Singh, Ashish Ashokkumar Jaiswal, Sandeep Sharma and Vaibhav Dagaji Aher
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Pharmaceutical Products Using Micro/Nanostructured Polymeric Materials
20.3 Polymeric Polymers as Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery Matrices
20.3.1 Poly(Caprolactone)
20.3.2 Polylactides and Polyesters
20.3.3 Poly(Phosphoesters)
20.3.4 Polyanhydrides
20.3.5 Polyphosphazenes
20.3.6 Poly(Ortho Esters)
20.3.7 Hemiesters of Alkyl Vinyl Ethers and Copolymers of Maleic Anhydride
20.3.8 Poly(Alkyl Cyanoacrylate)
20.3.9 Block Copolymers
20.3.10 Proteins
20.3.10.1 Albumin
20.3.10.2 Collagen and Gelatin
20.3.11 Natural Polymers
20.3.11.1 Cellulose
20.3.12 Polysaccharides
20.3.12.1 Chitosan
20.3.12.2 Alginate
20.4 Methods for Preparing Nano- and Microparticles
20.4.1 Methods of Microstructured Polymer Developments
20.4.1.1 Single Emulsion Method
20.4.1.2 Double-Emulsion Method
20.4.1.3 Phase Separation
20.4.1.4 Solvent Displacement
20.5 Future Perspective
20.6 Conclusion
References
Index

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